不同施肥方式对夏大豆农艺性状、产量及肥料农学效率的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Modes on Agronomic Traits,Yield and Fertilizer Agronomic Efficiency of Summer Soybean

为明确山东德州地区生产条件下控释肥在不同大豆品种上的适用效果,改变传统粗制滥放的施肥方式,以7个大豆品种为材料,设置不施肥(CK)、传统复合肥(FH)、专用控释肥(KS)3种施肥处理,研究不同施肥处理对大豆农艺性状、干物质积累、产量、肥料贡献率及肥料农学效率的影响。结果表明:相比复合肥,控释肥施用下,各大豆品种株高、单株荚数和单株粒数分别增加2.68~4.35 cm,3.82~6.45个,5.20~14.94个;根、茎、豆荚及植株总干重分别增加0.26~0.39、0.68~1.24、4.61~7.52、5.55~8.76 g;产量增幅5.54%~9.47%;肥料贡献率高和肥料农学效率分别高4.56%~7.00%、0.37~0.67。控释肥有利于改善植株农艺性状,提高大豆产量。品种和施肥方式对大豆产量影响达极显著水平,以施肥影响最大。‘齐黄34’、‘潍豆1897’和‘冀豆12’肥料贡献率和肥料农学效率表现较高,产量也较高,适宜德州地区推广种植。

To clarify the application effect of controlled-release fertilizer on different soybean varieties under local production conditions,and to change the rough and indiscriminate traditional fertilization mode,7 soybean varieties were used as materials,and the effects of three fertilization treatments[no fertilizer(CK),traditional compound fertilizer(FH)and special controlled-release fertilizer(KS)]on agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,yield,fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency of soybean were studied.The results showed that compared with compound fertilizer,the plant height,pod number per plant and grain number of per plant under controlled-release fertilizer treatment increased by 2.68-4.35cm,3.82-6.45 and 5.20-14.94,respectively.And the total dry weight of root,stem,pod and plant increased by 0.26-0.39,0.68-1.24,4.61-7.52 and 5.55-8.76g,respectively.The yield increased by 5.54%-9.47%.Fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency were 4.56%-7.00%and 0.37-0.67 higher than those of compound fertilizer treatment,respectively.Controlled-release fertilizer could improve the agronomic characters of soybean and increase the soybean yield.Varieties and fertilization mode had significant effects on soybean yield,especially the fertilization mode.‘Qihuang 34’,‘Weidou 1897’and‘Jidou 12’had higher fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency,and relatively high yield,which are suitable for planting in this region.