887名井下煤矿作业工人职业紧张及职业倦怠现状研究

Investigation on occupational stress and job burnout of 887 underground coal mine workers

目的调查井下煤矿作业工人职业倦怠现状,探讨影响职业倦怠的相关因素,保护煤矿工人身心健康。方法采取整群抽样法,以新疆某煤矿企业950名井下作业人员为调查对象,分别采用付出-回报失衡问卷(effort-reward imbalance questionnaires,ERI)和职业倦怠量表(Maslach burnout inventory,MBI),调查煤矿井下作业工人职业紧张及职业倦怠现况,采用多元线性回归模型分析职业倦怠的相关影响因素。结果回收有效问卷887份,有效回收率为93.0%。该煤矿生产过程中产生的职业病危害因素主要为煤尘、矽尘、有毒有害气体、噪声、手传振动、高温、工频电场、紫外辐射等。887名研究对象以男性为主(860人)。作业工人中职业紧张程度高者有764人(占86.13%);职业倦怠者839人(占94.59%),其中轻度、中度及高度职业倦怠者分别检出388人(占43.74%)、392人(占44.19%)及59人(占6.65%)。多元线性回归分析结果显示:相比工龄<15年组,工龄15~30年及>30年工人的职业倦怠总分分别提高2.259分和5.642分(P<0.05);相比固定白班组工人,两班倒组工人职业倦怠总分提高3.080分(P<0.05);相比ERI≤1组工人,ERI>1组工人职业倦怠总分提高3.106分(P<0.05)。结论煤矿井下作业工人职业紧张及职业倦怠形势严峻,煤矿行业管理者应定期监测井下煤矿作业工人的职业心理现况,采取积极的措施降低职业紧张及职业倦怠的发生,保护工人健康。

Objective To investigate the current situation and the relevant affecting factors of job burnout among underground coal mine workers in order to protect the physical and mental health of coal miners.Methods A total of 950 underground workers in a coal mine in Xinjiang were investigated by cluster sampling.The effort-reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI)and Maslach burnout inventory(MBI)were used to investigate occupational stress and job burnout.A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the related factors of job burnout.Results Totally 887 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective recovery rate was 93.4%.The main occupational hazard factors in the production process of the coal mine were coal dust,silica dust,toxic and harmful gases,noise,hand-transmitted vibration,heat stress,power frequency electric fields,ultraviolet radiation,and so on.Among the 887 subjects,860 were men;764(86.13%)had high occupational stress,while 839(94.59%)had job burnout,including 388(43.74%)with mild,392(44.19%)with moderate,and 59(6.65%)with high burnout.The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the total scores of job burnout for the workers with work time of 15-30 years or more than 30 years were increased by 2.259 and 5.642 points,respectively,compared with the workers with work time less than 15 years(P<0.05).The total score of job burnout increased by 3.080 points among shift workers compared to fixed day shift workers(P<0.05)and increased by 3.106 points among workers in the ERI>1 group compared with workers in the ERI≤1 group(P<0.05).Conclusions The situation of occupational stress and job burnout among underground coal mine workers was severe.Managers in the coal mining industry should regularly monitor the occupational psychological status of these workers and take positive measures to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and job burnout and,finally,to protect their health.