农机服务、技术引入与中国粮食生产技术效率

Mechanization Services,Technology Introduction and Technical Efficiency in China’s Grains Production

基于2018年1385户玉米种植户的问卷调查数据,构建一个包含农机服务识别工具(Probit概率预测值)的超越对数随机前沿(SF)模型,以玉米种植为例,考察农机服务对技术效率的影响及在不同要素密集型环节的差异。研究发现:总体上农机服务对技术效率存在显著正向效应,采用传统农业耕作方式并不一定会导致技术效率损失;大规模农户技术效率更高,但小农户通过农机服务外包,有助于缩小与大农户之间的效率差距;在耕地、灌溉、收割环节(劳动密集型)和播种环节(半劳动半技术密集型)农机服务对技术效率呈显著正向效应,而在病虫害防治环节(技术密集型)影响不显著。研究表明,农机服务是提高粮食生产效率的重要来源,应重视农机服务的规范和标准化建设,尤其是在技术密集型环节,减小监督成本。

Using the survey data consisting of 1385 farm households engaging in maize production,we construct a Stochastic Frontier(SF)model augmented with a instrumental that controls for an index capturing mechanization services,to conduct an analysis on the impact of agricultural mechanization services on technical efficiency,as well as the differences among different production links.The index is constructed with a Probit model based on farmer’s mechanization service adoption decision.We show that mechanization services can significantly promote technical efficiency and using traditional techniques doesn’t necessarily cause efficiency loss.Small farms are less efficient than their larger counterparts,but mechanization services can help reduce the gap between them.The impact of mechanization services on technical efficiency is significantly positive in labor-intensive production links such as tillage,irrigation and harvesting links and in semi-labor and semi-technology intensive production link(sowing service),while is not statistically significant in the technology-intensive link(pest control service).Our findings suggest that mechanization services are an important source to increase farm efficiency and it is urgent to pay attention to the standardization of mechanization services,especially in technology-intensive links so as to reduce supervision cost.