闽江流域土地利用时空变化特征及驱动因子分析

Spatiotemporal change characteristics and driving factors of landuse in Minjiang River Basin

闽江流域是福建省山水林田湖草生态保护修复试点的工程区,生态服务能力突出。文章基于闽江流域1990—2015年土地利用数据、气候数据和社会经济数据,运用ArcGIS空间分析和主成分分析等方法,探索了闽江流域土地利用时空变化特征及其驱动因子。结果表明:(1)1990—2015年,从土地利用变化的类型分析,低覆盖度草地面积明显减少,城镇用地、其他建设用地、有林地、其他林地面积明显增加。1990—2015年,从土地利用变化的空间格局分析,草地的减少主要发生在闽江流域的中北部、中东部和中西部,变换方向主要是与林地发生相互转换;耕地小幅度减少,主要分布在流域的中北部。(2)1990—2015年,从土地利用变化的剧烈程度分析,土地利用在闽江流域的中游变化最明显,其次是下游,上游变化最小。(3)从土地利用变化的时间分析,1990—1995年是闽江流域内土地利用变化最为明显的时期。社会经济的飞速发展、城镇化进程的加快以及居民消费水平的提高是该区域土地利用变化的主要驱动力。以期为进一步研究闽江流域土地资源的可持续利用和生态安全格局构建提供基础,为闽江流域的土地资源管理、流域生态保护和高质量发展规划的制定和实施提供参考。

Minjiang River Basin is a pilot project area in Fujian Province for ecological protection and restoration of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grass,with outstanding ecological service capacity.Based on the landuse data,climate data and socio-economic data of Minjiang River Basin from 1990 to 2015,this study explored the spatial and temporal characteristics of land use and its drivers in Minjiang River Basin by using spatial analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that(1)from 1990 to 2015,based on the analysis of land use change types,the area of low-coverage grassland decreased significantly,while the area of urban land,other construction land,forested land,and other forested land increased significantly.From 1990 to 2015,based on the spatial pattern of land use change,the decrease of grassland mainly occurred in the north-central,east-central,and west-central parts of the Minjiang River Basin,and the direction of change was mainly interchangeable with forested land;the small decrease of cultivated land was mainly distributed in the north-central part of the basin.(2)From 1990 to 2015,the land use changes were most obvious in the middle reaches of the Minjiang River basin,followed by the lower reaches,and least in the upper reaches,analyzed by the drastic degree of land use changes.(3)In terms of the time analysis of land use change,1990-1995 was the most obvious period of land use change in the Minjiang River basin.Rapid socio-economic development,accelerated urbanization,and rising consumption levels of residents were the main drivers of land use change in the region.This article aims to provide a basis for further research on the sustainable use of land resources and the construction of ecological security patterns in the Minjiang River basin,and to provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of land resources management,ecological protection and high-quality development planning in the Minjiang River basin.