分散式绿色基础设施对我国海绵城市建设的启示及研究进展

Progress and implications of decentralized green infrastructure to the construction of Sponge City in China

我国正通过海绵城市建设缓解城市“水浸街”和内涝问题,发达国家的雨洪管理经验对海绵城市建设的发展具有重要参考意义。通过文献查阅与实地调研相结合的方法对比我国与意大利若干城市的雨洪管理现状,并讨论两地管理模式的相似性。在分析两地城市绿地空间布局差异的基础上,归纳意大利雨洪管理实践中对海绵城市建设具有参考价值的经验和启示,结合地区现状,为海绵城市建设提供针对性建议。两国都主要采取由上至下的雨洪管理模式。意大利城市的分散式的绿地充分发挥了植物对雨水的吸纳功能,其私人绿地占比较大的特点也能有效释放政府部门的维护压力。我国城市的绿地则相对集中,住宅小区内海绵设施存在维护不足的问题。对此,应因地制宜通过分散式绿色基础设施建设提高城市雨洪管理效率、积极鼓励公众在海绵城市建设过程中的参与,并通过参考发达国家经验完善海绵城市建设的管理模式。

Experience about stormwater management in developed countries has great referential value for the construction of Sponge City,a concept aimed at mitigating the problem of urban waterlogging in China.Through the combination of literature review and field research,comparison about the current status of urban stormwater management between several cities in China and Italy is made,and the similarities in management are discussed.Based on the analysis of the differences in spatial distribution of urban green areas between the two countries,referable experience and implications of Italian stormwater management practice to the Sponge City program are summarized.According to the current situation,suggestions are made for the construction of Sponge City.Both countries use a top-down approach in stormwater management.Decentralized greens in Italian cities contribute to the full play of their rainwater absorption function.High proportion of private greens releases the pressure of maintenance for the Italian government.In Chinese cities,green areas are relatively concentrated.Problems of insufficient sponge facility maintenance in residential areas exist.It’s necessary for China to enhance stormwater management efficiency through decentralized green infrastructure construction according to local situation.In addition,public participation in the construction process of Sponge City should be encouraged,and experience of developed countries can be employed as reference to improve the management mode of Sponge City.