基于城市轨道交通的医疗设施可达性与供需匹配度分析

Analysis of medical facility accessibility and supply-demand matching based on urban rail transit

2021年重庆市国土空间总体规划中提出要打造建设在轨道上的主城都市圈,因此研究轨道交通出行方式下的医疗设施可达性和供需匹配度将为山地城市医疗设施布局提供理论基础和决策支撑。将重庆市医疗设施分为3个层级,各级医疗设施选择与之符合的出行方式,运用两步移动搜索法,以时间为服务半径,以街镇为基本单元,分析重庆市中心城区各街镇的医疗设施可达性和供需匹配度。结果表明:(1)可达性高值区分布特点与重庆山地地形的空间体系相符。综合可达性较强的街镇中65%都聚集在中部城区。可达性服务低值区位于东、西城区的新城区中。(2)山地城市的轨道交通对医疗设施可达性值影响较大。医疗设施可达性较强的街镇85%沿轨道线分布。(3)市级医疗设施可达性高值区呈双核空间分布,区级医疗设施在此基础上有所扩展,但依旧以中部城区为发展重心。街道级高值区分布的连续性最强。(4)重庆市中心城区160个街镇中,大部分街镇医疗资源处于“双低”的供需平衡状态,但新旧城区供需不足问题仍然存在。

In the 2021 Chongqing territorial space Plan,it was proposed to build a metropolitan area built on rails,therefore,the research on the accessibility of medical facilities would provide a theoretical basis and decision support for the layout of medical facilities in mountainous cities.This paper classified medical facilities into three levels,and each level of medical facilities were given the mode of travel that corresponded to them.In order to analyze the accessibility of medical facilities in various streets and towns in the central urban area of Chongqing,this paper used a two-step mobile search method,taking the service radius for time and the town as the basic unit.The results showed that:①The distribution characteristics of highly accessible value areas were consistent with the spatial system of Chongqing′s mountainous terrain.65%of the towns with strong comprehensive accessibility were concentrated in the central urban area,and the low-value accessibility service areas were located in the new urban areas of the east and west urban areas.②Rail transit in mountainous cities had a great influence on the accessibility value of medical facilities.85%of the towns with strong accessibility of medical facilities were distributed along the track line.③There were two peak areas in the high-value area of municipal medical facilities,and district-level medical facilities had been expanded on this basis,but the central urban area was still the center of development.The distribution of high-value areas at the street level was the most continuous.④Most of the 160 street towns in the main city were in a“Double-low”balance of supply and demand,but the problem of insufficient supply and demand still existed in the old and new urban areas.