2021年家兔饲料资源和营养需要的研究进展

Research Progress on Feed Resources and Nutritional Requirements of Rabbits in 2021 at Home and Abroad

饲料和营养是维持畜禽生命的物质基础,也是保证畜牧业持续发展、实现畜牧业向“优质、高产、高效”发展的重要条件。近年来,家兔养殖业发展较为迅速,但常规饲料资源的利用受限于存量较大的反刍动物牛羊。因此,开发适合家兔的饲料资源显得尤为重要,同时为了提高营养物质的利用效率进行营养需要研究也是精细化饲养和节本增效的关键。为给家兔饲料行业发展提供理论依据和数据支撑,通过检索和整理2021年国内外文献,阐述了植物茎叶和工农业副产品等粗饲料资源对家兔生产性能和肉品质等方面的影响,新型动植物蛋白饲料替代豆粕和8种绿色健康饲料添加剂替代抗生素方面的效果,以及蛋白质和氨基酸、粗纤维、微量元素及维生素在不同品种和不同生长发育阶段的家兔适宜需求量和对家兔各种性能、肠道健康等方面的影响。

Feed and nutrition are the material basis for maintaining the life of livestock and poultry,as well as important conditions for ensuring the sustainable development of animal husbandry and achieving its development towards"high-quality,high-yield,and high-efficiency".In recent years,the rabbit breeding industry has developed rapidly,but the utilization of conventional feed resources is limited by the large stock of ruminant animals such as cattle and sheep.Therefore,developing suitable feed resources for rabbits is particularly important,and research on nutritional requirements to improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization is also the key to precision breeding and cost saving and efficiency enhancement.In this article,by searching and organizing domestic and foreign literature in 2021,the impact of plant stems and leaves,as well as raw feed resources such as industrial and agricultural by-products,on the production performance and meat quality of rabbits,as well as the effects of new animal and plant protein feed replacing soybean meal and eight green and healthy feed additives replacing antibiotics was elaborated on.Also,the appropriate requirements of protein and amino acids,crude fiber,and trace elements and vitamins for different breeds and growth stages of rabbits,as well as their effects on various performance and intestinal health of rabbits were expounded.