一部批判知识分子的小说:布莱希特的《图伊小说》

A Novel of Criticizing Intellectuals:Brecht’s Tuiroman

在布莱希特一生创作的为数不多的小说中,有一部批判知识分子的作品:《图伊小说》。“图伊”是布莱希特自创的概念,以此指代将自己的智力当作商品出售的知识分子群体。他们服务于权力,成为资产阶级统治阶层的重要组成部分。布莱希特用极具夸张的讽刺手法描绘了支玛国各类“图伊”的群体形象,揭示了“图伊”背后的意识形态——脱离社会实践与革命的唯心主义哲学,以及“图伊主义”终将发展为象征法西斯主义的“登克主义”的必然趋势。小说呈现出布莱希特的马克思主义唯物历史观,即:站在阶级斗争的立场批判资产阶级知识分子,揭露资本主义的内在矛盾以及最终走向自我毁灭的历史结局。

Tuiroman,one of the few novels written by Brecht during his lifetime,is renowned for its criticism of intellectuals.“Tui”is a concept created by Brecht,which referred to a group of intellectuals who sold their intelligence as commodity.They served power and formed an important part of the bourgeois ruling class.Brecht depicts various groups of“Tuis”in Chima in a highly exaggerated and ironic manner,revealing the ideology behind“Tuis”-a philosophy of idealism divorced from social practice and revolution,and Tuismus’s inevitable progression into Denkismus,the symbol of fascism.The novel presents Brecht’s view of Marxist Historical Materialism,which involves the criticism of bourgeois intellectuals from the standpoint of class struggle,and exposes the contradictions inherent in capitalism and its eventual historical end towards self-destruction.