中国古典美学的自然范畴的基本命题

The Basic Proposition of Category of Nature in Chinese Classical Aesthetics

在中国古典美学研究的领域中,美学范畴是承载某一美学理论形态诸概念和命题的基本词语。自然是中国古典美学的核心范畴之一,其基本命题聚集着自然范畴的核心美学思想和最根本的美学观念。该文从对自然范畴的美学内涵的廓清入手,对古典美学自然范畴的基本命题进行专题性的阐释,并在这一阐释所开启的视域下洞察和揭示自然范畴及其在中国古典美学中的位置。基于自然一词在中国哲学中的源始含义,古典美学用自然一词经验、思考和表达文艺美的本质和规律,由此生成了一个完整的文艺美学形态。自然范畴的基本命题是美即自然。在该命题看来,美是自然(即道)的一种根本性现身方式,是自然向人的感性观照的敞开。在由这一命题所开启的视界中,作为中国古典美学的一个基本范畴,自然范畴显明地标识了中国古典美学的思想特质、民族特色、审美精神和美的本质观。

In the field of study on Chinese classical aesthetics,aesthetic category is the basic word which carries the concepts and propositions of a certain aesthetic theoretical form.Nature is one of the core categories in Chinese classical aesthetics,the basic proposition of which gathers its core aesthetic thoughts and the most fundamental aesthetic concepts.This paper starts with the clarification of the aesthetic connotation of the category of Nature,makes a special explanation of its basic proposition,and from this perspective,the author holds an insight into and reveal the category of Nature and its position in Chinese classical aesthetics.Based on the original meaning of the word Nature in Chinese philosophy,classical aesthetics used the word to experience,think and express the essence and law of literary and artistic beauty,thus generating a complete theoretical form of literary and artistic aesthetics.The basic proposition in category of Nature is that the “Beauty is Nature”.According to this proposition,the Beauty is a fundamental way of appearance of Nature(namely Tao) or the opening of the Nature to human's perceptual view.In the horizon opened by this proposition,as a basic category of Chinese classical aesthetics,the category of Nature clearly identifies the ideological idiosyncrasy,national characteristics,aesthetic spirit and the essential view of Beauty of Chinese classical aesthetics.