社会学视角下明代社会环境对家具工匠制造行为的影响

Influence of Social Environment on Furniture Craftsmen's Manufacturing Behavior in Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Sociology

晚明的社会环境复杂且多变,但传统家具在此时取得了辉煌成绩。用社会环境-行为人-物质载体相连接的新视角,对明式家具制造主体即工匠群体给予更多关注。以工匠为研究对象,通过分析明代社会环境的变化对工匠的影响,提出明代政治制度演变、经济发展和文化思想的转变是成就明式家具的潜在原因。通过对历史文集、文志和史料记载的梳理,得出社会环境的发展促进了工匠群体的人生解放、社会地位的提升和思想文化的提高,显著调动了工匠群体的创作积极性,进一步促进了明式家具的形成。结果表明,在晚明社会环境下,环境因素的变化直接影响了工匠群体,间接影响了客观载体家具制造的呈现。

The social environment in the late Ming Dynasty was complex and changeable,but traditional furniture made brilliant achievements at this time.From the new perspective of social environment-actor-material carrier,more attention is paid to the main body of Ming-style furniture manufacturing,that is,the artisan group.Taking craftsmen as the research object,by analyzing the influence of changes in the social environment in the Ming Dynasty on craftsmen,it is proposed that the evolution of the political system,economic development and cultural thinking in the Ming Dynasty are the potential reasons for the achievement of Ming-style furniture.Through the combing of historical anthologies,annals and historical records,it is concluded that the development of the social environment has promoted the liberation of life,the promotion of social status,and the improvement of ideology and culture of the artisans,which has significantly mobilized the enthusiasm of the artisans for creation,and further promoted the Ming style.Formation of furniture.The results show that in the social environment of the late Ming Dynasty,changes in environmental factors directly affected the artisan group,and indirectly affected the presentation of objective carrier furniture manufacturing.