工作装置匹配特性对挖掘机挖掘性能的影响研究

Research on the Influence of the Matching Characteristics of Working Device on the Performance of Excavator

为研究液压挖掘机理论挖掘力与主动液压缸充分发挥比之间的匹配特性对挖掘性能的影响规律,以主动缸充分发挥比和动臂缸闭锁限制比为一设计因素、以实际挖掘力与设计最大挖掘力之比为另一设计因素,考虑不同挖掘工况建立目标匹配函数。以某36.5 t反铲液压挖掘机为例,通过匹配工作装置铰点位置和设计因素的权重系数来建立优化匹配方案,基于图谱叠加法分析验证不同优化匹配方案对挖掘性能的影响。结果表明:减少主动缸充分发挥比和动臂缸闭锁限制比,增大实际挖掘力与设计最大挖掘力之比权重系数,使得动臂和斗杆的尺寸增加,铲斗和连杆尺寸减少,工作装置各项作业范围参数均有提高;铲斗挖掘和复合挖掘在闭锁限制比变化不大且主动缸充分发挥比有所降低时,使得二者最大挖掘力均有提高,而斗杆挖掘性能表现与之相反。

In order to study the effect laws of the matching characteristics between the theory digging force of hydraulic excavator and the hydraulic cylinder full utilization ratio on the mining performance,the active cylinder full utilization ratio and movable arm cylinder locking limit ratio were set as a design factor,the ratio of the actual digging force and the maximum digging force was set as another design factors,the target matching function was established by considering the different mining conditions.Taking a 36.5 t backhoe hydraulic excavator as an example,the optimization matching scheme was established by matching the hinge point position of the working device and the weight coefficient of design factors.The influence of different optimization matching schemes on the mining performance was analyzed and verified based on the map superposition method.The results show that:with reducing the full utilization ratio of the active cylinder and the locking limit ratio of the boom cylinder,increasing the weight coefficient of the ratio of the actual digging force to the maximum designed digging force,the sizes of the boom and bucket rod increase,the sizes of the bucket and connecting rod decrease,and the operating parameters ranges of the working device are improved;when the locking limit ratio changes little and the utilization ratio of active cylinder decreases,the maximum digging force of bucket excavation and composite excavation increases,while the bucket rod excavation performance is opposite.