2009—2021年宜昌市麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Yichang from 2009-2021

目的了解2009—2021年宜昌市麻疹发病情况,为消除麻疹提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2009—2021年宜昌市法定传染病报告系统和麻疹监测系统报告的麻疹病例个案数据进行分析。结果2009—2021年宜昌市累计报告麻疹确诊病例364例,年均发病率为0.68/10万,13年间麻疹发病率波动在0.05/10万~2.87/10万。1~7月为主要发病月份,病例主要集中在西陵区、伍家岗区、夷陵区、当阳市和宜都市,占所有病例的66.48%。报告病例男性多于女性,发病年龄最小不足1月龄,最大68岁,病例年龄以1岁以下婴儿和20~49岁成人为主,分别占比32.14%和48.08%。职业分布以散居儿童、农民、家政家务及待业、工人和学生为主,散居儿童占比最高为42.58%。有麻疹疫苗免疫史72例(19.78%),无麻疹疫苗免疫史113例(31.04%),免疫史不详179例(49.18%)。结论宜昌市2009—2021年麻疹发病率处在较低水平,小年龄组和成年人群是麻疹防控的重点人群。针对重点地区和重点人群开展免疫强化等策略和措施,有助于提高全市的麻疹防控效果。

Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of measles in Yichang from 2009 to 2021,and to provide scientific evidence for the control and elimination of measles.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the case data of measles cases reported by the notifiable infectious disease reporting system and measles surveillance system in Yichang from 2009 to 2021.Results A total of 364 cases of confirmed measles were reported in Yichang from 2009 to 2021,with an average annual incidence rate of 0.68/100000.During these years,the incidence rates fluctuated from 0.5 to 28.87/100000.The epidemic peak of measles was from January to July.Most cases were concentrated in five regions including Xiling,Wujiagang,Yiling,Dangyang and Yidu,accounting for 66.48%of all cases.More male cases were reported.The age of these patients ranged from<1 month to 68 years,in which a great majority were infants(32.14%)and adults between 20 and 49 years old(48.08%).The five most common occupations of measles patients were scattered children,farmers,housekeeping or unemployed,workers and students,with the scattered children being the highest proportion accounting for 42.58%.There were 72 cases(19.78%)with the history of measles vaccine immunization,113 cases(31.04%)without the immunization history,and 179 cases(49.18%)with unknown immunization history.Conclusion Incidence rates of measles in Yichang remains at a low level from 2009 to 2021.Young age groups and adults are the key groups for measles prevention and control.Strategies and measures such as immune strengthening for key areas and key populations will help improve the effect of measles prevention and control.