新疆巩留县一起炭疽暴发疫情的流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of anthrax in Gongliu County,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

2021年8月19日,新疆维吾尔自治区伊犁哈萨克自治州巩留县疾病预防控制中心(疾控中心)上报1例疑似皮肤炭疽。新疆维吾尔自治区疾控中心人员、中国疾控中心中级现场流行病学培训项目学员和伊犁哈萨克自治州疾控中心人员组成调查组开展流行病学调查。共发现11例病例,包括8例疑似病例和3例临床诊断病例,均为巩留县X镇Y村村民,无重症和死亡病例。首例病例7月27日发病,末例病例8月16日发病,主要临床表现为手及上肢皮肤暴露部位出现溃疡性焦痂。在采集的病牛肉标本中检出1株炭疽杆菌。经调查分析,村民发现病牛未及时报告有关部门,私自宰杀、食用且未采取有效防护措施,是导致本次疫情的主要原因。应加强对养殖、贩卖、屠宰牲畜等职业人群的健康教育,宣传普及炭疽等人畜共患病知识,建立有效的炭疽疫情监测体系,及时发现和处置疫情。

A suspected case of cutaneous anthrax was reported by Gongliu County Disease Control and Prevention Cen⁃ter,Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region on August 19,2021.Then,an epidemiological survey was performed by a joint investigation team consisting of professionals from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,intermediate-level trainees from the Field Epidemiology Training Program of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,and professionals from Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention.A total of 11 cutaneous anthrax cases were identified,including 8 suspected cases and 3 clinically diagnosed cases,and all cases were villagers in Y Village,X Township,Gongliu County,without severe case or deaths found.The onset of the first case occurred on July 27,and the onset of the last case occurred on Au⁃gust 16.The main clinical manifestations included ulcerative eschar on hands and exposed skin of the upper extremity.A Bacillus anthracis isolate was detected in meat samples from infected cattle.Epidemiological surveys showed that vil⁃lagers did not report infected cattle to related sectors and privately slaughtered and ate meat from infected cattle with⁃out any effective protective measures,resulting in this outbreak.It is recommended to strengthen health education for people raising,selling and slaughtering livestock,and publicize zoonotic disease control knowledge,including anthrax,and establish an effective surveillance and response system for anthrax for immediate identification and treatment of epi⁃demics.