数据可携带情形下的权利冲突与规则调适

Rights conflict and coordination in situation of data portability

能否有效化解数据可携带情形下的权利冲突问题,既是各国布局可携带权的考量要点,亦是影响制度成败的关键所在。从权利本质上看,可携带权既是实现多元主体利益平衡的工具,又因其权利内涵的积极性和实体性在个人信息权利束中扮演着极为特殊的角色。以司法实践为镜,唯有摆脱“三重授权原则”与《反不正当竞争法》的窠臼,直面可携带情形下的各类权利冲突,才能打破个人介入数据流转与分配的桎梏。由典型场景入手,可携带情形下的权利冲突主要体现为对个人信息的贬损、对知识产权的袭扰和对数据安全的威胁。应从立法理念、客体范围、法律互动和安全保障四个方面进行冲突调试,进而实现我国可携带权制度的“完美闭环”。

Whether it can effectively address the collision of the right to data portability is not only the key aspects for the right to portability strategy in countries,but also the core of the success or failure of the system.From the perspective of the essence of rights,the right of portability emerges as a tool to achieve a balance of interests of multiple subjects,it also plays an extremely special role in the bundle of personal information rights due to the positive impacts and the substance of being human.Taking judicial practice as a mirror,the only way to break the shackles of data transfer and distribution of data interests is to get rid of the“Triple Authorization Principle”and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law and face up to the various types of the collision of the right to data portability.Starting from a typical scenario,the collision of the right to data portability is mainly reflected in the derogation of personal information,the infringement of intellectual property rights as well as the threat to data security.It is advised to establish a resolution mechanism of collision of right under the various situation,designing from the four aspects of the legislative concept,object boundary,legal interaction,and security guarantee,so as to achieve a“perfect closed loop”of the right to data portability system in China.