基于需方视角的城乡养老基本公共服务均等化现状研究--以某省三市为例

A study on the equalization of basic elderly-care services in urban and rural areas from the perspective of demander based on three cities in a province

[目的]分析城乡养老基本公共服务均等化现状,提出针对性优化策略。[方法]从某省的3个市随机选取符合条件的257名老年人作为研究对象,通过自行设计问卷对老年人养老基本公共服务现状进行调查分析。[结果]257名老年人中,42.86%的农村老年人主要收入来源是子女赡养,68.66%的城市老年人主要收入来源是退休工资(养老金)(P<0.05);82.14%的农村老年人月收入为3000元以下,38.31%的城市老年人月收入为3000~5000元(P<0.05)。51.79%的农村老年人、64.68%的城市老年人未获得健康宣教服务(P>0.05);55.36%的农村老年人、54.73%的城市老年人未获得健康体检服务(P>0.05);80.36%的农村老年人、83.58%的城市老年人未获得聊天谈话服务(P>0.05);66.07%的农村老年人、73.63%的城市老年人未获得休闲娱乐活动服务(P>0.05);87.50%的农村老年人、79.60%的城市老年人对当前养老服务“比较满意”和“非常满意”(P>0.05);城乡老年人最希望获得的养老服务内容差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);76.78%的农村老年人、59.70%的城市老年人最希望获得的养老模式是居家养老(P>0.05)。[结论]城乡老年人经济水平存在差异,大部分老年人未获得精神慰藉服务,最希望获得的养老服务内容存在差异,对当前养老服务满意,最希望获得居家养老服务。

Objective To analyze the equalization of basic public services for urban and rural elderly care and put forward corresponding optimization strategies.Methods 257 eligible elderly people were randomly selected from three cities in a province as research objects,and the status quo of basic elderly-care services was investigated and analyzed through self-designed questionnaires.Results Among the 257 senior citizens,42.86%of rural elderly people s main income came from children s support.68.66%of urban elderly people s main income came from pension(P<0.05).82.14%of rural elderly people s monthly income was less than 3000 yuan.38.31%of urban elderly people s monthly income was 3000-5000 yuan(P<0.05).51.79%of rural elderly people and 64.68%of urban elderly people didn t receive health education services(P>0.05).55.36%of rural elderly people and 54.73%of urban elderly people didn t receive health examination services(P>0.05).80.36%of rural elderly people and 83.58%of urban elderly people didn t receive chat services(P>0.05).66.07%of rural elderly people and 73.63%of urban elderly people didn t receive entertainment services(P>0.05).87.50%of rural elderly people and 79.60%of urban elderly people were“relatively satisfied”and“very satisfied”with the current elderly-care services(P>0.05).There was statistical significance in the difference of elderly-care services that urban and rural elderly people wanted most(P<0.05).The most desirable elderly-care service was home-based care services for 76.78%of rural elderly people and 59.70%of urban elderly people(P>0.05).Conclusions The economic level of the elderly is different in urban and rural areas.Most of the elderly don t receive spiritual consolation services.There are differences between urban and rural elderly people in the most desirable elderly-care services.They are satisfied with the current elderly-care services.Home-based care services are the most expected by the elderly in urban and rural areas.