藏传佛教神灵体系的本土特点——基于宗教中国化视阈的讨论

Local Characteristics of the Deity System of Tibetan Buddhism from the Perspective of Sinicization of Religions

佛教发源于古印度,却在传入中国后经过数千年的发展演变,与中国传统文化及本土习俗融会贯通,最终形成具有中华民族特色的宗教,对中国历史文化产生了极为深远的影响。而神灵观念是佛教体系中的核心和本质的内容,对神的理解与诠释反映了一定时期人与人的社会关系,对神灵体系的建构则揭示了人类社会需求的概况。神灵信仰具有丰富厚重的文化内涵,其形态、趋向和功能处于不断演进的状态。藏传佛教继承佛教纷繁复杂的神灵体系,并在民族化、本土化方面取得了明显的发展。文章通过对藏传佛教神灵体系的形成、发展、演变等进行分析,尝试从神灵体系的角度来呈现佛教中国化的形成和发展脉络,从而体现中华文化吸收融合域外文化的宝贵经验,为繁荣中华民族文化,推进社会主义现代化建设提供有益借鉴,更为提升中华文化自信奠定理论和思想基础。

Buddhism originated in ancient India,and after being introduced into China thousands of years ago,it has kept developing and evolving and integrating with Chinese traditional culture and local customs,finally form⁃ing a religion with Chinese national features,and exerting a profound influence on Chinese history and culture.The idea of deities is the core and essential content of the Buddhist system,and the understanding and interpreta⁃tion of deities reflect the social relations between people in a certain period,while the construction of the deity system reveals general human social needs.With rich and profound cultural connotations,the faith in deities evolves continuously in its form,trend,and function.With Tibetan Buddhism inheriting the complex deity system of Buddhism,obvious progress has been achieved in the nationalization and localization of Tibetan Buddhism.Through analysis and research on the form,development,and evolution of the deity system of Tibetan Buddhism,the article attempted to present directly the formation and evolution of Sinicization of Buddhism from the perspec⁃tive of the deity system,and thereby to summarize the valuable experience in Chinese culture absorbing and inte⁃grating with foreign cultures.Furthermore,the article expects to provide a useful reference for promoting the pros⁃perity of Chinese culture and socialist modernization,and more importantly,to lay a theoretical and ideological foundation for enhancing confidence in Chinese culture.