论公民受教育权的人格权法保护路径

Protection of Citizens’Right to Education:An Approach from the Right to Personality

受教育权旨在保障公民接受教育的利益,以确保其公平地接受科学文化知识,实现自我思想道德和文化素质提升。我国《宪法》第46条将受教育权确认为公民所享有的基本权利,据此,受教育权具有私权化证成的基础。受教育权的民事权利构成,可表现为以“主体意志”为权利对象、以“人格利益”为权利客体、以“接受教育”为权利内容。受教育权的宪法维度,意在以宪法路径予以权利化保护;受教育权的私权维度,意在以民法人格权路径实现权利化保护。受教育权的人格权化意在更好地实现当事人受教育利益自主性保护,进而弥补当事人因受教育权损害而造成的精神性、财产性损失,回归该权利的利益保护本质,实现其立法价值与功能。

The right to education aims to protect citizens’interests to receive education,so as to ensure their equality to accept scientific and cultural knowledge and improve ideological and moral awareness.Article 46 in Constitution of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that the right to education is the basic right of citizens,and accordingly,the right to education also has the essential characteristics and value function of private rights.From the perspective of civil rights,the composition of the right to education can be manifested as the following elements,such as the“subject will”as the subject of the right,the“personality interests”as the object of the right,and“receiving education”as the core content.The constitutional dimension of the right to education is intended to protect the right to education from constitutional approach while the privatization dimension of the right to education is intended to protect the right to education from an approach of the right to personality.The privatization path of the right to education can effectively protect the willingness of the parties to independently receive education,make up for the spiritual and property losses caused by the damage of the right to education,and realize legislative value and function of the right to education.