社交机器人对政治传播的影响与纠偏

Influence and Correction of Social Bots on Political Communication

社交机器人在社交媒体中具有重要的地位和作用。社交机器人具有自动性、社交性、功能性和中介性等特点,可通过干预政治事件对政治传播产生影响,既服务于政治传播速度和广度也破坏了政治传播环境。社交机器人具有激发民众参与政治事件,加快政治传播的互动和加速信息传播速度等正面影响,也具有监视规训民众、塑造个体威权人格、滋生民粹主义、破坏政治认同等负面影响。但对技术进行管控能够加强对社交机器人行为的治理,机器人自身对信息的筛查作用可以应用到敏感信息的智能把关,预防信息二次传播造成影响的不断扩大。平台对算法技术的管控能预防机器人抓取用户态度和意见,国家自身的意识形态和文化底蕴能够加强制度自信和政治自信,从技术上切断外部的舆论侵略、从意识形态上加强巩固,能够从根源防止机器人煽动民众极化。未来可通过强化算法管制、升级政治传播把关、加强意识形态治理、提升全球治理水平等规避社交机器人风险。

Social bots,which are automatic,social,functional and mediating,play an important role in social media.They influence political communication by intervening in political events,which not only serves political communication but also destroys the environment of political communication.Social bots have both positive effects,such as inspiring people to participate in political events,accelerating the interaction of political communication and accelerating the speed of information transmission,and negative effects,such as alienating people,creating people with an authoritarian personality,breeding populism and destroying political identity.However,the control of technology can govern the behaviors of social bots.Information screening function of the bots themselves can be applied to screen sensitive information to prevent the secondary dissemination.Moreover,the platform’s control of algorithm technology can prevent bots from misusing users’attitudes and opinions.Our own ideology and cultural deposits can strengthen our institutional and political confidence,cut off the invasion of external public opinion,and prevent bots from stirring up public polarization.In a nutshell,the risks of social bots can be avoided by strengthening algorithm control,giving full play to the positive role of opinion leaders and strengthening ideological governance and global governance.