陆王一系的易学系统与精神

The Yi Study System and Spirit of Lu-Wang School

自古以来,大易之学有象数、易理两大派系。象数为汉易,易理则为魏晋玄学易与宋明理学易两大阵营。理学易当中,程朱为道学易,船山为气学易,陆王心学一系的易学,则为心学易。南宋陆象山在江西,倡导心学,其中也有其易学的独到见解。象山弟子杨慈湖,本身便精研易学,留有《杨氏易传》一书,以及《己易》一文传世。阳明先生龙场悟道之时,便是在贵阳龙场玩易窝当中悟道,其与易学的渊源,可谓关系匪浅。在他四十九岁揭示致良知之旨后,便有“良知即是易”的论说。龙溪是阳明的大弟子,对大易之旨与良知之道的融合与传承,在讲学当中,也体现得淋漓尽致。阳明后学罗近溪,对于大易之旨的诠释,更是陆王心学一系的高峰。

The study of Yi was divided into two major schools since ancient times:Xiang Shu(Emblems and Numbers),which was prospered in Han Dynasty,and Yi Li(Yi and reason),which was further divided into the metaphysical Yi in Wei and Jin Dynasties and Neo-Confucianist Yi in Song and Ming Dynasties,which can also be further divided into three groups including Taoist Yi represented by Cheng and Zhu,Qi-ist Yi represented by Wang Fuzhi,and Mind Study Yi represented by Lu and Wang.Lu(named Jiuyuan,or Xiangshan)of Southern Song Dynasty preached Mind Study in Jiangxi,including many of his unique viewpoints of Yi Study.His student Yang Jian(also named Cihu)made a very meticulous study of Yi,and left behind him as his legacy a book(Yang Jian’s Study of Yi)and an essay(Ji Yi)on the study of Yi.As for Wang Yangming,he just achieved his epiphany in the cave he named Wan Yi Wo(literally:a private place to play with Yi)in Longchang,which shows his deep connection to Yi Study.After he revealed the significance of the recuperation of conscience at 49,he pointed out that"conscience is Yi."Wang Ji(also named Longxi),a major student of him,inherited and incorporated the significance of Yi and the principle of conscience,which was fully demonstrated in his lectures.While Luo Rufang(also named Jinxi),another follower of Wang Yangming,reached the pinnacle in the interpretation of the significance of Yi for the Lu-Wang School.This paper is going to study the Yi Study system and spirit of those five people.