带状复合种植对大豆和玉米光合特性及产量的影响

Effects of Soybean and Maize Strip Compound Planting Pattern on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybean and Maize

【目的】探明大豆-玉米带状复合种植作物群体的光合生理机制,为复合种植增产机理研究提供理论依据。【方法】以大豆和玉米的单作模式作对照,研究大豆︰玉米=2︰2(行比)带状复合种植模式对大豆和玉米光合特性的影响。【结果】与单作相比,带状复合种植模式降低大豆生长速率(P<0.01)、群体叶面积指数、净光合速率(P<0.01)、光能利用率(P<0.05)、叶温、瞬时水分利用效率(P<0.01)、气孔导度和气孔限制值,提高大豆胞间CO_(2)浓度;带状复合种植模式提高玉米生长速率(P<0.01)、群体叶面积指数(P<0.05)、净光合速率(P<0.01)、光能利用率(P<0.01)、叶片瞬时水分利用效率、气孔导度、叶片蒸腾速率、胞间CO_(2)浓度,降低叶温(P<0.01)、气孔限制值。大豆-玉米带状复合种植比玉米、大豆单作产值分别增加342.98元/667m^(2)和1261.6元/667m^(2)。净光合速率、光能利用率、瞬时水分利用率和叶温与大豆产量呈极显著相关(P<0.01),气孔导度和气孔限制值与玉米产量呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。【结论】大豆-玉米带状复合种植可降低大豆光合特性,增加玉米光合特性,提高大豆和玉米的总体经济效益。

【Objective】The photosynthetic physiological mechanism of soybean and maize population under the strip compound planting pattern is discussed to provide the theoretical basis for the yield increase mechanism of soybean and maize under the compound planting pattern.【Method】The effect of the strip compound planting pattern of soybean and maize with 2:2(row ratio)on photosynthetic characteristics of soybean and maize is studied by taking the monocropping pattern of soybean and maize as CK.【Result】The strip compound planting pattern can reduce growth rate(P<0.01),population leaf index,net photosynthetic rate(P<0.01),light use efficiency(P<0.05),leaf surface temperature,instant water use efficiency(P<0.01),stomatal conductance and stomatal limiting value of soybean and increase intercellular CO_(2)concentration of soybean compared with soybean monocropping pattern.The strip compound planting pattern can increase growth rate(P<0.01),population leaf index(P<0.05),net photosynthetic rate(P<0.01),light use efficiency(P<0.01),instant water use efficiency,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and intercellular CO_(2)concentration of maize and reduce leaf surface temperature(P<0.01)and stomatal limiting value of maize compared with maize monocropping pattern.The output value of soybean and maize under the strip compound planting pattern is 342.98 Yuan/667m^(2) and 1261.60 Yuan/667m^(2) higher than soybean and maize under the monocropping pattern respectively.The net photosynthetic rate,light use efficiency,instant water use efficiency and leaf surface temperature are related to soybean yield very significantly(P<0.01).The stomatal conductance and stomatal limiting value are related to maize yield very significantly(P<0.01).【Conclusion】The strip compound planting pattern of soybean and maize can reduce the photosynthetic characteristics of soybean and improve the photosynthetic characteristics of maize,which increases overall economic benefits of soybean and maize effectively.