数字经济对城乡居民收入差距的影响及其作用机制

The Impact of Digital Economy on the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents and Its Impact Mechanism

基于2013—2019年省级面板数据,采用面板模型实证检验数字经济对我国城乡居民收入差距的影响及其作用机制。结果表明:数字经济发展能够显著缩小我国城乡居民收入差距。异质性研究发现,现阶段产业数字化缩减城乡居民收入差距的效应强于数字产业化,数字经济缩减城乡居民收入差距的效应在城乡居民收入差距较大的地区表现得更为明显,在四大区域中呈现“东北>西部>中部>东部”的态势。机制研究表明,人力资本提升效应、要素市场化优化配置效应是数字经济、数字产业化和产业数字化缩小城乡居民收入差距的重要渠道。进一步研究发现,数字经济、数字产业化和产业数字化对城乡居民收入差距的影响均存在门槛效应。为此,各省份应实施阶段性、差异化的促进数字产业化和产业数字化发展的战略;加大农村人力资本投入,提升农村居民数字素养和技能水平;激活数据要素潜能,提高城乡要素资源市场化配置质量,逐步缩小城乡居民收入差距。

Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2019,this paper uses the panel model to empirically test the impact of digital economy on the income gap between urban and rural residents in China and its impact mechanism.The results show that the digital economy development can significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.The heterogeneity study finds that the effect of reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents is stronger at this stage of industrial digitization than digital industrialization;the effect of the digital economy on reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents is more obvious in regions with a larger income gap between urban and rural residents,showing a trend of"Northeast>West>Central>East"among the four major regions.Mechanism research shows that the human capital enhancement effect and the factor market-oriented optimal allocation effect are important channels for the digital economy,digital industrialization and industrial digitization to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.Further research finds that there is a threshold effect of the digital economy,digital industrialization and digitization of industry on the income gap between urban and rural residents.To this end,provinces should implement phased and differentiation strategies to promote digital industrialization and digital development of industries;increase investment in rural human capital to improve digital literacy and skills of rural residents;activate the potential of data elements,improve the quality of market-based allocation of urban and rural factor resources,and gradually narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.