从建构到发现:重申一种“旧的”知识获得观——面向智能时代的思考

From Construction to Discovery:Reaffirm an“Old”View of Knowledge Acquisition——Thinking in the Age of Intelligence

建构主义知识观与技术理性高度耦合,在智能时代备受青睐,但也因其知识本位的价值立场而被质疑。作为建构主义极具代表性的知识获得方式,记忆、逻辑思维、批判性思维被普遍重视,而其所引起的学生“颈部以上”的片面发展随着技术进步和知识图景变迁逐渐凸显。与知识建构不同,一种“旧的”知识观认为知识先验地存在于心灵中,知识获得的本质是发现,根本路径是解构;知识获得是学习者由内而外从心中引出真知本慧的过程,是以“真知”推动学习者价值观念、道德品质、身心气质、行为方式发生变化,促成生命整全发展的过程。“旧知识观”下的知识获得方式具有“身心一体,知行合一”的特征,知识教学是从大脑到身体的具身性活动,也是从身体到心灵的情感性活动,是从经验到体验的内发性活动,也是从体悟到行动的实践性活动。

The constructivist view of knowledge is highly coupled with technological rationality,which is popular in the era of intelligence,but it is also questioned because of its knowledge-based value position.As the most representative way of knowledge acquisition of constructivism,memory,logical thinking and critical thinking are widely valued,and the one-sided development of students“above the neck”caused by it gradually highlights with the progress of technology and the change of knowledge landscape.Unlike knowledge construction,an“old”view of knowledge holds that knowledge exists in the mind apriori,the essence of knowledge acquisition is discovery,and the fundamental path is deconstruction;Knowledge acquisition is a process in which learners draw true knowledge and wisdom from the heart from the inside out.It is a process in which learners’values,moral qualities,physical and mental temperament,and behavior patterns are changed with“true knowledge”,and the whole development of life is promoted.The way of acquiring knowledge under the“old view of knowledge”is characterized by“integration of body and mind,unity of knowledge and action”.It is a physical activity from brain to body,and also an emotional activity from body to mind;It is an endogenous activity from experience to experience,and also a practical activity from perception to action.