“双减”背景下家长作业焦虑问题还存在吗——基于扎根理论对C市9区1648名家长的实证研究

Does Homework Anxiety for Parents Still Exist in the Background of“Double Reduction”——An Empirical Study of 1648 Parents in 9 Districts of City Based on Grounded Theory

随着“双减”政策的深入实施,学生作业负担问题再度成为了全社会共同关注的焦点议题。但是,家长作为学生学习成长的主要利益相关者之一,其在孩子作业完成中所扮演的角色地位及负担感受问题却鲜被提及。该文基于扎根理论,对C市5所中小学校36名学生家长的访谈资料进行了编码与分析以及理论饱和度检验;同时,采用随机抽样法,对C市9区1612名学生家长进行了问卷调查。研究发现,家长在子女作业中存在着旁观者、监督者、积极辅助者以及额外介入者等多重身份,主要受到长期形成的思行惯习,对子女未来发展的投资,为实现阶层跨越的加码学习,以及升学考试激烈的选拔竞争等因素影响。虽然家长在孩子学业中整体呈现出“自愿”奉献状态,但也存在着明显的“作业焦虑”现象,家长紧迫的外在压力焦虑感和强烈的内在付出归属感并存。研究还从发挥家庭教育更重要的基础性作用,彰显学校素质教育的主导作用,提升教师作业设计能力和质量,促进家校社三场域育人的统一协调等方面提出了困境消解对策。

With the implementation of“Double reduction”policy,the problem of homework burden has once again become the focus of the whole society.However,as one of the main stakeholders of students’learning and development,the role and burden of parents in their children’s homework is seldom mentioned.Based on the grounded theory,the data of interviews with 36 parents from 5 primary and secondary schools in C City were coded and analyzed,and the theoretical saturation was tested,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 1612 parents of students in 9 districts of C city.It is found that parents have multiple identities as bystanders,supervisors,active helpers and extra interventionists in their children’s work,which are mainly influenced by longterm habits of thinking and behavior and investment in their children’s future development,in order to achieve the class across the additional learning,as well as entrance examination fierce selection competition and other factors.Although the parents in the children’s education as a whole showed a“Voluntary”dedication,but there are also obvious“Homework anxiety”phenomenon,the parents'intense external pressure and anxiety coexist with a strong internal sense of belonging.The study also child discipline on the more fundamental role of school liberal education in enhancing teachers’ability and quality of homework design,this paper puts forward some countermeasures to solve the difficulties in promoting the unity and coordination of the three fields of home-schoolclub education.