《通用规范汉字表》一级字的三记职能之统计与思考--汉字三记说续议

The Statistics of and Reflection on the Characters in the General Standard Chinese Characters Table

汉字三记,古已有之。甲骨文中已有不少汉字显示出了既记单音节词又记合成词中语素的两记职能,《诗经》有很多联绵词,使得很多汉字显示出既记单音节词、又记合成词中语素、还记非语素音节的三记职能。此后,随着音译外来词的不断增加,大量汉字记写非语素音节的职能被频频用到。把联绵词、音译外来词跟单音节词和合成词放在一起观察,就可以看出汉字三记的具体情况。在《通用规范汉字表》一级字表3500字中,我们已统计到3109字有三记用例,占88.8%。汉字的三记职能之用,具有不平衡性。

There have been three functions of Chinese characters since ancient times.Many Chinese characters in oracle bone inscriptions have the two functions of denoting both monosyllabic words and morphemes in compound words.There are many two-syllable inseparable terms in the Book of Songs,viz.the third function of denoting non-morphemic syllables.With the increasing number of transliterated loanwords,more and more non-morphemic syllables have been denoted by Chinese characters.An overview of the inseparable two-syllable inseparable terms,transliterated loanwords,monosyllabic words and compound words reveals the specific situation of the three denoting functions of Chinese characters.Of the 3500 characters on the first-level in the General Standard Chinese Characters Table,3087 of them have the three denoting functions,accounting for 88.2%,which is unbalanced.