老年痴呆患者吞咽功能全程管理方案的应用研究

Application of Whole-Process Care Plan for Management of Swallowing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Patients

目的 构建老年痴呆患者吞咽功能全程管理模式,并探讨其应用效果。方法 采用便利抽样法,选择绵阳市某三级甲等医院就诊的老年痴呆患者为研究对象,其中2020年1-10月的512例为对照组,予以常规管理;2021年2-11月的482例作为观察组,实施全程管理方案。比较两组患者认知功能筛查率、吞咽功能评估率、吞咽障碍者吸入性肺炎发生率。结果 老年人认知功能筛查率:门诊患者由27%上升至80%,住院患者由41%上升至95%;老年痴呆患者吞咽功能评估率:门诊患者由32%上升至78%,住院患者由46%上升至82%;老年痴呆吞咽障碍患者吸入性肺炎发生率由22.5%下降至9.6%以上,上述差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论 老年痴呆患者吞咽功能全程管理模式,可提高医务人员对老年痴呆吞咽障碍患者的关注度,降低老年痴呆吞咽障碍患者并发症发生率。

Objective To develop the whole-process care plan for management of swallowing dysfunction in Alzheimer’s patients,and explore its application effects.Methods Convenient sampling was used to select Alzheimer’s patients from a tertiary hospital in Mianyang City.A total of 512 patients who received treatment from January to October,2020 were divided into the control group and given routine care;482 patients who received treatment from February to November,2021 were divided into the observation group and given the whole-process care plan.The cognitive function screening rate,swallowing function assessment rate,and incidence of aspiration pneumonia with dysphagia were compared between the patients of the two groups.Results The cognitive function screening rate of elderly outpatients went up to 80%from 27%,and the rate of elderly inpatients rose from 41%to 95%.The swallowing function assessment rate of Alzheimer’s outpatients went up to 78%from 32%,and the rate of inpatients rose from 46%to 82%.The incidence of aspiration pneumonia with dysphagia among Alzheimer’s patients decreased from 22.5%to 9.6%.All the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The whole-process care plan for management of swallowing dysfunction in Alzheimer’s patients can draw more attention on those Alzheimer’s patients with dysphagia from medical staff,and reduce the incidence of complications among Alzheimer’s patients with dysphagia.