美国“进步主义教育运动”的创意实验——基于“人际关系系列电影”项目的考察

Creative Experiments in the American "Progressive Educational Movement": the Case Study of the "Human Relations Series of Films" Program

“人际关系系列电影”项目是20世纪30年代美国“进步主义教育运动”中的一项课程改革实验,通过在中学课堂教学中融入经过编辑的电影片段,引发青少年对电影中人物行为及其背后原因的讨论与思考,进而帮助青少年澄清价值观。虽然该项目持续的时间不长,但却为青少年直面与探讨社会问题提供了一个“安全环境”,彰显了电影作为教学媒介的活力与价值。就“进步主义教育运动”而言,“人际关系系列电影”项目是对青少年尤其是社会中下层青少年群体予以特别关注的体现,也是以凯利赫为代表的进步主义教育者对社会问题理解与关切的结果。从这一意义而言,“人际关系系列电影”项目在“进步主义教育运动”中颇具创意。

The"Human Relations Series of Films"program was an experiment in curriculum reform during American"progressive educational movement"in the 1930s.By presenting the edited film clips during the middle school classroom teaching,teachers could stimulate teenagers to discuss and think about the behavior and its motives of people in the film,and then help them to illuminate their values.Although the program didn't last long,it had provided a"safe environment"for teenagers to face up to and discuss social issues,and also highlighted the vitality and value of films as a kind of teaching media.As far as the"progressive educational movement"is concerned,the"Human Relations Series of Films"program is a manifestation of giving special attention to teenagers,especially the ones from middle and lower class,and the result of the understanding and concern about social issues of progressive educators represented by Kelliher.In this sense,the"Human Relations Series of Films"program is quite creative for the"progressive educational movement".