基于Choquet积分法的施工项目劳动力与工期优化探索

A Choquet Integral Based Approach to Explore Workforce and Duration Optimization for Construction Projects

建筑行业劳动力短缺,探究和理解工期、劳动力成本以及劳动力利用率三个变量的交互与权衡,对于项目做出准确决策,按时交付有重要的作用。本文以在建住宅楼项目为案例,根据不同施工场景构建了75种劳动力分配方案,并采用Takt-time计划法完善施工流程;同时基于Arena模拟平台建立施工流程仿真模型,分析每种劳动力组合方案所需3种变量的数据;最后,使用基于Choquet积分的效用评估与决策工具,研究基于不同项目管理人员的主观偏好下3个变量的交互与权衡。结果表明,本文所提出的方法有效解决了施工过程中的工序搭接混乱、工作面重叠等问题,表现出不同劳动力组合下3个变量的变化情况,并能评估不同劳动力组合在项目施工中的效用,帮助项目做出最满意的劳动力分配方案。

The construction industry has been suffering from labor shortage.Understanding the three-way variable interaction among project schedule,labor cost and workforce utilization is critical for accurate decision-making and on-time project delivering.This research used an ongoing residential building as a case study to develop 75 workforce arrangements were developed according to different working scenarios.The research introduced Takt-time planning method to streamline the construction workflow.Meanwhile,a workflow simulation model was established based on the Arena platform to analyze the three-way variable utilization under different workforce arrangements.Finally,this research elaborated the Choquet integral utility evaluation and decision-making tool.The research then investigated the three-way variable tradeoffs based on subjective preferences from various project managers to evaluate the utility of different workforce arrangements.Results show that the method proposed in this paper effectively resolves the issues in activity and workspace overlapping during construction,expresses the three-way variables utilization under various workforce arrangements,and assesses the utility of workforce arrangements during construction.The findings are beneficial for project managers to make the most satisfactory arrangement.