政府优先开放高价值数据集多维解析

Multidimensional Analysis of Government Prioritizing Opening of High Value Datasets

在对开放数据运动探索与反思基础上,包括我国在内的不少国家提出优先开放高价值数据集。高价值数据集自产生以来经历了横向扩张与纵向深化的发展过程,并呈现出规制依据从政策向法律递进、优先开放策略取决于各国国情、指涉范围呈动态扩张趋势等演进特点。从本体论角度解析,可将高价值数据集作为复合型概念,定义为经政府和用户等利益攸关方共同参与识别、采用非专有开放共享格式、在经济社会等领域具有较高再利用价值的数据集合。从认识论角度解析,政府、用户等利益攸关方需要通过参与多轮对话来识别高价值数据集,对不同主体的价值分歧予以调适。从方法论角度解析,政府开放高价值数据集在开放内容、开放形式及开放程序方面均须符合特有要求。

On the basis of exploration and reflection on the open data movement,many countries,including China,have proposed prioritizing the opening of high-value datasets.Since their inception,high-value datasets have undergone a development process of horizontal expansion and vertical deepening,and have shown evolutionary characteristics such as regulatory basis progressing from policy to law,priority opening strategy depending on national conditions,and dynamic expansion trend of reference scope.From the ontological perspective,a high-value dataset can be defined as a composite concept that is jointly identified by stakeholders such as government and users,adopts a non-proprietary open sharing format,and has high reuse value in economic and social fields.From the epistemology perspective,identifying high-value datasets requires the government,users,and other stakeholders to adjust the value differences of different subjects by participating in multiple rounds of dialogue.From the methodological perspective,opening high-value datasets by the government must meet unique requirements in terms of open content,open form,and open procedures.