弹头血管栓塞及其临床诊治要点

Phenomenon and clinical principle of diagnosis and treatment of bullet vascular embolism

弹头血管栓塞是火器伤的严重并发症,战时为军用武器所致,平时见于民用枪支致伤。民用枪支和动能低的枪弹致伤后血管栓塞发生率高于军用枪支,但当前军用武器多采用小口径枪弹和小质量破片,弹头或弹片遗留体内的可能性大,导致弹头血管栓塞发生率增高,因此,未来战时弹头血管栓塞的发生率将高于以往。火器伤后弹头血管栓塞对人体危害更严重,多需要紧急救治。本文综述弹头血管栓塞的发生机制、易损血管、栓塞类型、诊断方法和治疗要点等,以期为弹头血管栓塞的临床诊治提供参考。

Bullet vascular embolism is a serious complication of firearm injury,which is caused by military weapons in wartime and civil guns in peacetime.However,small caliber bullets and small mass fragments are mostly used in military weapons now,which makes it more likely that bullets/fragments will be left in the body,leading to a higher incidence of bullet vascular embolism.Therefore,the incidence of bullet vascular embolism in wartime in the future would be higher than it in the past.Bullet vascular embolism after firearm injury is more harmful to human body,and more emergency treatment is needed.This article reviews the mechanism,vulnerable vessels,embolization types,diagnostic methods and treatment points of bullet vascular embolism,so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of bullet vascular embolism.