草莓间作诱集植物的筛选及其对西花蓟马的诱集效果

Screening of Trap Plant Intercropping with Strawberry and Its Trapping Effect on Frankliniella occidentalis

为探讨诱集植物对设施栽培草莓上西花蓟马的诱集效果,利用Y型嗅觉测定仪测定了茉莉、栀子花、马鞭草、星空牵牛花、油豆角、红月季和茄子7种植物对西花蓟马的诱集效果,并在田间研究了诱集植物的不同种植方位(东、西、南、北、中)、种植方式(点状种植和片状种植)和种植密度(与草莓苗的种植比例分别为1∶4、1∶7和1∶11)对西花蓟马的诱集效果。结果表明,西花蓟马对7种诱集植物的偏好性表现为茉莉>栀子花>马鞭草>星空牵牛花>油豆角>红月季>茄子。西花蓟马对不同诱集植物和草莓之间的选择性试验结果表明,茉莉为诱集西花蓟马效果最好的植物,最适宜开展后续的与草莓间作的西花蓟马田间诱集效果试验。田间试验中,方位南种植的茉莉最早诱集到西花蓟马,且在整个调查期内诱集到的数量最多;东、西、南、北4个方位种植的茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量先增加后略有下降;而方位中种植的茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量则表现持续升高,但没有方位南诱集到的西花蓟马数量多。在整个调查时段,点状种植区茉莉诱集到的西花蓟马数量均显著高于片状种植区;4月15日,点状种植区茉莉先诱集到西花蓟马;5月15日,点状种植区和片状种植区茉莉诱集西花蓟马的数量均达到最高。种植茉莉处理草莓上的西花蓟马数量明显低于只种植草莓处理(CK),且茉莉和草莓种植比例1∶7处理的诱集效果最好;在5月25日、6月5日和6月15日,该比例处理草莓诱集到的西花蓟马数量分别比CK减少了343头/株、295头/株和300头/株。

In order to explore the trapping effect of trap plants on Frankliniella occidentalis on protected cultivated strawberries,the Y‑shaped olfactometer was used to measure the trapping effect of 7 plants(jasmine,gardenia,verbena,night sky petunias,snap bean,red rose and eggplant)on Frankliniella occidentalis.The trapping effects of different planting orientations(east,west,south,north and centre),planting modes(spot and sheet planting),and planting densities(ratios of 1∶4,1∶7 and 1∶11 to strawberry seedlings,respectively)of trap plant on Frankliniella occidentalis were studied in the field.The results showed that the preference order of Frankliniella occidentalis for 7 types of trap plants was jasmine>gardenia>verbena>night sky petunias>snap bean>red rose>eggplant.The selective experiment results of Frankliniella occidentalis between different plants and strawberry showed that jasmine was the most attractive plant for Frankliniella occidentalis,and it was the most suitable for conducting subsequent field trapping effect experiments intercropping with strawberry.In the field experiment,the jasmine planted in the south direction was the earliest to attract Frankliniella occidentalis,and the trap number was the highest throughout the entire investigation period;The number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine planted in four directions of east,west,south,and north first increased and then slightly decreased;The number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine planted in the centre direction continued to increase,but was less than the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped in the south direction.During the entire survey period,the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine in the spot planting area was significantly higher than that in the sheet planting area;On April 15,jasmine in the spot planting area first trapped Frankliniella occidentalis;On May 15,the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped by jasmine in both point and sheet planting areas reached the highest.The number of Frankliniella occidentalis on strawberry intercropping with jasmine was significantly lower than that of strawberry monoculture(CK),and the best trapping effect was achieved when the intercropping ratio of jasmine to strawberry was 1∶7;On May 25,June 5 and June 15,the number of Frankliniella occidentalis trapped under this proportion treatment decreased by 343 individuals per plant,295 individuals per plant and 300 individuals per plant,respectively,compared with CK.