从高音喇叭到低声微信群:乡村公共性再生产与社会治理转型——基于一个华北村庄的田野调查

From Tweeters to WeChat Groups:Reproduction of Rural Publicity and Transformation of Social Governance Based on a Field Survey of a Village in North China

人口流动与乡村公共性的互动关系是社会学理论研究和实践探索的核心话题,更是乡村社会治理的关键命题。大众媒介作为乡村公共性的载体,发挥着联结整合的作用,是推动乡村社会治理变革的技术支撑。通过提炼“媒介传播-公共性再生产-治理重构”分析框架,本文以华北前赵固村为典型案例展开分析。研究发现:高音喇叭作为早期扎根乡土的适宜媒介和基层治理工具,表现出具有权威主导性的单向管控特征。社会结构转型使高音喇叭经历了从“国家象征”到“广告载体”祛魅化的角色嬗变,高音喇叭的信息传播功能受时空限制而明显削弱。面对流动性日益增强的乡村社会中乡村公共性解体与乡村社会治理脱域,数字赋能下的村务微信群成为乡村公共性再生产与社会治理转型的重要载体。村务微信群使村民实现了跨时空的“共同在场”,塑造了虚拟的熟人社会,增进了村民之间的社会关联,强化了村庄共同体意识,推动了互动治理的形成,为乡村善治的实现奠定了基础。

The relationship between rural publicity and population mobility is a core topic for sociological studies,especially in thefield of village social governance.As the carrier of rural publicity,mass media fulfills the role of linkage and integration,andit provides techniques to accelerate the reform of rural governance.Constructing the framework of“media communication-publicreproduction-governance reconstruction”,we conduct a case study of Qian Zhaogu Village in North China and find that:as a suitable media and grassroots governance tool in the early days,the tweeters feature one-way communication with authoritydominance.During the transformation of social structure,the role of tweeters changed from“a symbol of the state”to“advertisingcarriers”,and thus the function of the tweeters in terms of communication is significantly weakened by the temporal and spatial limitations.In response to the fragmentation of rural publics and the disconnection of rural social governance in the midst of population mobility,the digitally empowered WeChat groups for village affairs become an important vehicle for the reproductionof village publicity and the reconfiguration of social governance.WeChat groups have enabled“shared presences”for villagers regardless of space and time,fashioned a virtual“acquaintance society”,enhanced social ties between villagers,and boosted thesense of village community.WeChat groups also encourage the establishment of interactive governance and lay the foundationof implementing good rural governance.