“本质意志”还是“本质力量”:中国村落共同体思维起点再探讨

“Natural Will”or“Natural Power”:Rediscussion on the Thinking Base of Chinese Village Communities

滕尼斯共同体理论提供了“意志类型-社会形态-关系特征”的框架,被许多学者作为解开中国村落共同体特征和命运的钥匙。但陷于叔本华的唯心主义和机械唯物主义的窠臼,该框架存在解释限度等局限。从生产力角度出发,自然关系与生产关系的“胶着”是中国村落的关系特征,其背后的决定因素是“本质力量”而非“本质意志”。而“本质力量”的梯度发展也决定了中国村落共同体的演变处于一种变与不变的平衡之中。

The framework of“will types-social forms-relationship characteristics”derived from T?nnies community theory is regarded as the key to revealing the characteristics and destiny of Chinese village communities by many scholars.Cramped by Schopenhauer's idealism and mechanical materialism,however,the framework has shortcomings such as interpretation limits.From the perspective of productivity,Chinese villages are characterized by the coupling of natural relations and production relations,of which the decisive factor is“natural power”rather than“natural will”.The gradient development of“natural power”determines that Chinese village communities have been developing with a balance between the changed and unchanged.