全球价值链重构中的国家产业政策——以美国产业政策变化为分析视角

National Industrial Policies in the Restructuring of Global Value Chains:From the Perspective of Industrial Policy Changes in the United States

传统上,全球价值链重构是基于长周期的国家竞争力变化。而在大国竞争与博弈明显加剧的今天,产业政策作为国家竞争战略工具和手段的回归与使用,使得国家可以通过国内政策对全球价值链进行干预性介入和强力性重构,其中以美国产业政策变化最为显著和直接。纵观美国产业政策的周期性起伏和变化,其服务于美国国家战略的意图十分明显。当下美国透过全球价值链实施针对性明显的产业政策,既是出于对自身产业结构能力提升的需要,同时又体现为美国对全球价值链权力的维护与竞逐。鉴于美国在全球价值链中的能力存在,美国产业政策的实施的结果,将损毁全球价值链既有的高效分工和阻碍全球价值链网络链接畅通,进而可能推动全球价值链“二元结构”的出现,并带动全球价值链向国家战略价值链进行模式转化。

Traditionally,global value chain restructuring has been based on longterm changes in national competitiveness.Today,when the competition and game of major powers have intensified significantly,the return and use of industrial policy as a national competitive strategy tool and means enables the state to intervene and strongly reconstruct the global value chain through domestic policies,among which the industrial policy of the United States has changed most significantly and directly.Throughout the periodic fluctuation and change of American industrial policies,its intention to serve the U.S.national strategy is very obvious.At present,the implementation of a targeted industrial policy through the global value chain is not only due to the need to improve its own industrial structural capacity,but also reflects the United States'maintenance and competition for global value chain power.Given the existence of U.S.capacity in the global value chain,the implementation of U.S.industrial policy will destroy the existing efficient division of labor in the global value chain and hinder the smooth connection of the global value chain network,which in turn may promote the emergence of a"dual structure"in the global value chain and drive the transformation of the global value chain into a national strategic value chain.