财政政策、收入再分配与居民福利——基于Bewley模型的动态随机均衡模拟

Fiscal Policy,Income Redistribution and Resident Welfare:——Simulation of Dynamic Stochastic Equilibrium Based on Bewley Model

基于Bewley模型,引入劳动效率异质性、收入流动性以及市场不完备性假设,测度了一揽子财政政策对居民收入差距及其福利水平的影响。研究发现,转移性支出可以缩小总收入差距,替代率从0.1升至0.9,可使基尼系数降低4.2%,同时伴随着福利水平的降低,且最低生活保障的福利损失大于失业保障。其中,劳动效率高的人群福利损失最大;改变支出结构,增加公共消费支出占比没有收入再分配效应,但可使人均社会福利最大提升1.5%;当所得税比例税率从0.1提高至0.25时,基尼系数相应降低了1.23%,人均总福利也随之降低1.03%,且超额税率的福利降低程度高于比例税率。进一步通过数值模拟方法,分析了上述政策缩小收入差距与损害社会福利的具体机制与微观证据,最后,基于公平与效率的权衡,对最优的财政政策组合进行了分析比较。

Based on the Bewley model,at introduced labor efficiency heterogeneity,income mobility and market imperfection,this paper measures the impact of fiscal policy on the income gap and welfare of resident.The research finds that the transfer expenditure can narrow the total income gap.The substitution rate increases from 0.1 to 0.9,which can reduce the Gini coefficient by 4.2%.The welfare level decreases.The welfare loss of the minimum living security is greater than that of the unemployment security.Among them,the welfare loss of the people with high labor efficiency is the largest.Increasing the proportion of public consumption expenditure in total expenditure has no income redistribution effect,but the per capita social welfare has increased by a maximum of 1.5%;When the proportional tax rate of income tax is increased from 0.1 to 0.25,the Gini coefficient decreases by 1.23%,and the per capita total welfare also decreases by 1.03%,and the welfare reduction of excess tax rate is greater than the proportional tax rate.Through the micro simulation technology,we gives the evidence of the specific mechanism about foregoing conclusion.Finally,based on the trade-off between fairness and efficiency,the optimal fiscal policy combination is analyzed and compared.