实船空泡性能试验研究进展综述

Progress of cavitation research on full scale ships

无论对于军用舰船还是商用船舶,在增加船舶功率和航速的同时对船舶舒适性和低噪声的要求也越来越高。为了保护海洋环境和海洋生物,对于船舶低噪声的要求也越来越强烈。空泡噪声是船舶的主要噪声源,为适应行业发展需求,相应的空泡研究也进入了新的阶段。在研究、设计、优化和检验船舶性能过程中,实船空泡试验研究是与理论计算、模型试验同样重要的组成部分;同时实船空泡试验还可以针对模型试验时无法模拟的工况进行空泡特性测量,譬如在海洋波浪环境下的空泡起始特性测量、在船舶打舵转弯工况下的空泡特性研究等等;另外,实船空泡试验可以比较快速、低成本地找出实船运行过程中出现的由空泡引起的异常振动和噪声等问题的根源,为制定解决问题的方案提供技术支撑。本文介绍了实船空泡试验研究的发展历史以及在过去十年间中国船舶科学研究中心建立的实船空泡性能试验技术,同时介绍了实船空泡性能试验技术及其在解决多型实船空泡引起的异常振动、噪声问题中的应用。

Following the increasing of power and speed as well as the high requirements for comfort and low noise of ships,the cavitation investigation on ships is entering a new stage.During the process of research,design,optimization,performance verification and the trouble solving of cavitation,it is of the same importantance to carry out full scale tests,model tests and theoretical or numerical analysis.More important is that what is difficult to be obtained in the model test,like the cavitation performance in the wave or the cavitation performance under turning conditions,can be easily obtained from a full scale test.In addition,the full scale test can give a solution faster with a lower cost when a ship has problems caused by cavitation,such as erosion,vibration and/or unusual noise.This paper presents a short review on the full scale research on cavitation and describes the progress of investigations on full scale test of cavitation at CSSRC during the last ten years and some examples of cavitation trouble solving on full scale ships.