畜禽养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿及影响因素分析——以贵州省为例

Analysis of ecological governance willingness and influencing factors of livestock and poultry farmers--Taking Guizhou Province as an example

为了探讨畜禽养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿及影响因素,研究基于贵州省9个地州市40个县(区)944份畜禽养殖户问卷调查数据,以有限理性理论与行为决策理论为基础,采用二元Logistic模型分析畜禽养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿及影响因素。结果表明:身份属性、周边污染程度、养殖收入占比、养殖污染生态治理年费用在1%水平上对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿产生显著负向影响;年龄认知在10%水平上对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿产生显著负向影响;污染影响畜禽健康认知、是否有养殖污染物排泄规章制度在1%水平上对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿产生显著正向影响;是否获得畜禽养殖污染治理相关政策补贴在5%水平上对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿产生显著正向影响;畜禽养殖污染控制认知、养殖污染治理培训在10%水平上对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿产生显著正向影响;承担养殖污染治理责任认知、污染影响人体健康认知、是否清楚减少养殖污染物的方法、饲养数量、年均总收入对养殖户养殖污染生态治理意愿的影响不显著。基于此,笔者提出以下对策建议:增加养殖污染生态治理培训,提高养殖户认知水平;完善相关规章管理制度,约束污染治理行为;增加污染治理政策补贴,提高污染治理的积极性;优化养殖主体结构,引导养殖主体转型发展。

In order to explore the governance willingness and influencing factors of livestock and poultry breeding in Guizhou Province,based on the data of 944 questionnaire surveys of livestock and poultry farmers in 40 counties(districts)of 9 prefectures and cities in Guizhou Province,this study used the finite rationality theory and behavioral decision theory as the basis to analyze the intention and influencing factors of livestock and poultry farmers in ecological pollution control.The results showed that the identity attribute,surrounding pollution degree,the proportion of farming income,and the annual cost of farming pollution control had a significant negative impact on the farmers’willingness of ecological management at the 1%level.The farmers’age had a significant negative impact on their ecological management intention at the 10%level.The cognition of the impact of pollution on livestock and poultry health and whether there were rules and regulations of breeding excreta had a significant positive impact on farmers’willingness of ecological management at the 1%level.Whether they received policy subsidies related to livestock and poultry pollution control had a significant positive impact on farmers’willingness to ecological management at the 5%level.Awareness of pollution control of livestock and poultry and training on pollution control of breeding had a significant positive effect on farmers’intention of ecological control at the level of 10%.The cognition of responsibility for aquaculture pollution control,the cognition of the impact of pollution on human health,the awareness of the methods to reduce aquaculture pollutants,the number of breeding animals,and the average annual income had no significant effects on the willingness of ecological management.Based on this,the author proposed to increase the training of aquaculture pollution ecological governance and improve the awareness level of livestock and poultry farmers,improve relevant rules and regulations to restrict pollution control activities;increase policy subsidies for pollution control to improve the enthusiasm of pollution control;optimize the main structure of aquaculture,guide the main transformation and development of aquaculture countermeasures and suggestions.