球形卫星轨道大气就位探测初期结果

The preliminary result of orbital atmosphere detector on board spherical satellite

球形卫星是我国首颗集大气成分、大气密度探测和精密定轨为一体的球形小卫星,主要载荷为轨道大气探测仪,于2021年10月14日发射入轨,轨道高度为520 km,倾角为97.4°.本文简要介绍了轨道大气探测仪,并对在轨初期的测试结果进行了分析和讨论.大气密度实测值与F10.7和Kp值具有强相关性;2021年11月3日太阳和地磁活动宁静期大气密度峰值与谷值比为3.02;2021年11月4日较强磁暴事件期间全球大气密度实测峰值由2.8×10^(-13)kg/m^(3)跃升到8.0×10^(-13)kg/m^(3),涨幅达2.857,而模式值涨幅仅为1.316倍,实测值还显示了此次事件期间大气密度强增强起始于南极及高纬地区,并向中低纬区域传播,而模式值则仅显示了暴时大气密度南北半球对称弱增强的态势.结果表明,实测数据反映了轨道大气密度在宁静期和磁暴事件期间的时空分布变化,在大量实测数据基础上可实施对热层大气模式的修正.

The spherical satellite is Chinese first spherical small satellite,integrating atmospheric composition,atmospheric density detection and precision orbit determination.The payload is the Orbital Atmosphere Detector,which was launched into a near-circular polar orbit with the orbit altitude of 520 km and an inclination angle of 97.4°on 14 October,2021.The scientific objectives,operating principle and the ground calibration results of the Orbital Atmosphere Detector are presented in this paper.The preliminary in-situ observed results are analyzed and discussed.The observed mass densities are strongly correlated with F10.7 and Kp.The peak-tovalley ratio of observed mass densities during the quiet period of solar and geomagnetic activity on 3 November 2021 was 3.02;the peak of observed mass density increased from 2.8×10^(-13)to 8.0×10^(-13)kg/m^(3) during the strong geomagnetic storm event on 4 November,2021,an increase of 2.857 times compared to the MSIS00 model of 1.316 times.The observed data show that the increase in atmospheric density started at the South Pole and spread to the middle and low latitudes,while the MSIS00 model only shows a weak symmetrically increase between the northern and southern hemispheres during the storm.The observed results show that the observed data objectively reflect the spatial and temporal distribution of thermosphere density during the quiet period and the geomagnetic storm event,and thermosphere atmospheric model correction can be implemented based on a large amount of observed data.