人类增强要求能作为权利吗?

Can Human Enhancement Demands be Used as Rights?

人类增强面临的伦理争议可从权利正当性视角予以审视,个人是否能自由地增强自身也就转化为个人是否有增强的权利。根据“要求—理由—权利”这一理论模型,判断个体是否有增强的权利之关键在于是否存在价值上合理理由支持增强这一要求。不论是诉诸自主还是利益重要性抑或是共同善等理由,均只能证成有限的增强权利,这是因为个人主张增强权利时,此种权利实践须同时受到实践合理性和共同善的双重约束。

The ethical disputes faced by human enhancement can be examined from the perspective of the legitimacy of rights, and whether individuals can freely enhance themselves will be transformed into whether individuals have the right to enhance themselves. According to the theoretical model of "demands-reason-rights", the key to judge whether an individual has the right to enhance depends on whether there are reasonable reasons in value to support the enhancement demand. No matter resort to autonomy, the importance of interests or common good, it can only be proved as a limited right of enhancement, because the practice of human enhancement must be constrained by both practical rationality and common good.