西北农村老人互助参与状况及影响因素实证分析

Empirical Analysis of Participation of Mutual Assistance among the Elderly in Northwest Rural Areas and Its Influencing Factors.

目的:了解西北农村地区老年人互助养老参与状况及其影响因素,为农村互助养老长效发展提供策略和思路。方法:采用自制问卷对西北五省农村60岁以上老年人进行抽样调查。共发放问卷2800份,回收有效问卷2454份,有效回收率87.6%。提出研究假设,建立模型,采用分步Logistic回归分析数据。结果:文化水平、身体健康状况、年收入、社会网络关系、互助设施的位置、数量、适老化等对农村互助养老参与意愿产生了显著影响。结论:西北农村老年人互助参与意愿偏低,互助服务层次低。由此,应从培养老人社区参与能力、开发农村老人社会网络资源、注重配套设施和空间环境设计、建立互助参与机制等方面激发互助养老参与意愿,并促其长效发展。

Objective To understand the participation status of rural mutual assistance for the elderly in rural northwest China and its influencing factors,and provide strategies and ideas for its long-term development.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the elderly aged over 60 years in rural areas of five provinces in Northwest China.A total of 2800 questionnaires were distributed and 2454 valid questionnaires were collected with an effective recovery rate of 87.6%.Hypotheses were proposed,models were established,and stepwise Logistic regression was used to analyze the data.Results Education level,physical health status,annual income,social network relationship,location,number and fitting for aging of mutual assistance facilities had significant influence on the participation intention of rural mutual assistance old-age care.Conclusion The elderly in northwest rural areas had low willingness to participate in mutual assistance.And the level of mutual assistance service was lower.Therefore,it is necessary to stimulate the participation willingness of mutual assistance for old-age care and promote its long-term development by cultivating the community participation ability of the elderly,developing the social network resources of the rural elderly,paying attention to the design of supporting facilities and space environment,and establishing the mutual assistance participation mechanism.