场景化问题解决:中国特色社会工作的道路选择与理论建构

Scenario-based Problem Solving:The Road Choice and Theoretical Construction of Social Work with Chinese Characteristics

随着中国社会工作逐渐深入,中国基层治理实践成为创新的重要专业力量,这种在日常现实生活中开展专业服务的场景化问题解决的要求日益凸显,成为“高质量”专业化发展的基本诉求。通过对这种场景化问题解决方式的深入讨论可以发现,中国社会工作除了需要走一条能够同时融合西方社会工作的问题解决和自我增能理论逻辑的专业化发展道路之外,还需要吸纳中国文化中的自我舍弃概念,以解决问题为导向,将“助人”服务的自我增能延伸到“自助”服务的自我境界提升,建构一种能够提升人们场景理性自决能力的人与环境双向交流的辩证视角,使中国社会工作真正拥有以“助人自助”为目的,并且能够扎根于中国现实生活和文化精神传统的理论框架。只有这样,中国社会工作才能由模仿西方社会工作的专业化发展走向探索自己的专业化发展的道路,建立具有“实践自信”“制度自信”和“文化自信”的中国特色社会工作的理论学派。

With the development of the social work,the practice of grassroots governance in China has become an important professional force for innovation,and the requirement for scenario-based problem solving of professional services in daily real life has become increasingly prominent and a basic appeal for“high-quality”professional development.Through an in-depth discussion of this scenario-based problem-solving approach,it is found that Chinese social work needs to follow a professional development path that can integrate both the problem-solving and self-empowerment theoretical logic of western social work,in addition to incorporating the concept of self-abandonment in Chinese culture.Chinese social work extends the self-enhancement of“helping people”service to the self-improvement of“self-help”service with a problem-solving orientation,and constructs a dialectical perspective of two-way communication between people and the environment that can enhance people’sability of scene rational self-determination,so that Chinese social work truly has a theoretical framework that aims at“helping people to help themselves”and can be rooted in Chinese real life,as well as cultural and spiritual traditions.Only in this way can Chinese social work move from imitating the professional development of Western social work to exploring its own professional development and establishing a theoretical school of social work with Chinese characteristics with“practical confidence”,“institutional confidence”and“cultural confidence”.