先天性弓形虫病临床诊治研究进展

Research progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis

先天性弓形虫病是宫内感染最常见的类型之一,主要临床表现为视网膜脉络膜炎、颅内钙化和脑积水三联征,可导致脑瘫、认知及视力障碍等严重后遗症。早期诊断及治疗可极大改善预后。推荐的治疗方案包括乙胺嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶联合叶酸,或新药物如阿奇霉素、阿托伐酮等。该文对近年来国内外先天性弓形虫病的流行病学、临床特征、诊断及治疗相关研究进展进行综述,为临床医师提高对该病临床诊疗的认识提供参考。

Congenital toxoplasmosis is one of the most common types of intrauterine infection,with the triad of retinal choroiditis,intracranial calcification,and hydrocephalus as the main clinical manifestations,which can lead to serious sequelae such as cerebral palsy,cognitive impairment and visual impairment.Therefore,early diagnosis and early treatment are important to improve the prognosis of patients.Recommended treatment options include pyrimethamine,sulfadiazine combined with folic acid,or new drugs such as azithromycin and atorvastatin.This article reviews the research progress of epidemiology,clinical manifestations,diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis,in order to provide a reference for clinicians to improve their understanding of clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.