基于SSR和SRAP标记小麦资源遗传多样性及农艺性状分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity Based on SSR and SRAP Markers and Agronomic Traits of Wheat Resources

为研究宁夏小麦品种资源遗传多样性,对251份国内外小麦品种资源的农艺和品质性状进行鉴定,并利用47对SSR(simple sequence repeat)和25对SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)引物对其进行分子标记分析。结果表明,47对SSR引物共检测到234个等位变异,等位变异数和多态性信息量(polymorphism information content,PIC)的变幅分别为3~11和0.097~0.862,平均值分别为4.979和0.652;25对SRAP引物共检测到342个等位变异,等位变异数、PIC的变幅分别为6~21、0.651~0.932,平均值分别为13.680、0.826,表明251份小麦品种资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。2种分子标记的72对引物将251份小麦品种资源聚为4个类群,类群Ⅰ~Ⅳ分别包括100、39、81和31份材料,不同类群间存在明显差异,其中,类群Ⅰ的平均穗长、结实数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重、出粉率、容重、硬度指数均最高,水分含量最低;类群Ⅳ的平均穗下茎长、小穗数、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、吸水率、沉降值均最高,表明类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅳ分别为产量与蛋白质性状的优异类群,为宁夏小麦遗传改良及新品种选育提供了理论指导。

In order to enrich the genetic diversity of wheat cultivar resources in Ningxia,251 wheat cultivar resources at home and abroad were as materials.The agronomic traits and quality traits were determined,and the genetic diversity of DNA level were analyzed using 47 pairs of SSR(simple sequence repeat)and 25 pairs of SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)markers.The results showed that 234 alleles were detected by 47 pairs of SSR primers,and the number of alleles and polymorphism information content(PIC)per primer were 3~11,0.097~0.862 with the average 4.979 and 0.652,respectively.And 342 alleles were detected by 25 pairs of SRAP primers,and the number of alleles and PIC were 6~21,0.651~0.932 with the average 13.680 and 0.826,respectively.It showed that 251 wheat cultivar resources contained the rich genetic diversity.The clustering analysis based on 72 pairs of primers of two types of markers divided 251 wheat cultivar resources into 4 groups,and the agronomic and quality traits of each group were analyzed.GroupⅠ~Ⅳincluded 100,39,81,and 31 varieties,respectively,and there were obviously differences among different groups.Group I showed the lowest moisture content and the highest in the average ear length,fertile spikelet,kernels per spike,grain weight per spike,thousand kernels weight,flour yield,volume weight,hardness index.GroupⅣshowed the highest in the average ear stem length,spikelet number,crude protein content,wet gluten content,water absorptionand sedimentation value.It showed that groupⅠandⅣwere excellent groups of yield and protein traits,respectively,which provided theoretical guidance for genetic improvement and breeding of new varieties of wheat in Ningxia.