民营企业非生产性活动的生产效应——基于异质性随机前沿模型的分析

The Productivity Effect of Unproductive Activities of Private Enterprises:An Analysis Based on the Heterogeneous Stochastic Frontier Model

企业如何配置其各项活动是影响经济高质量发展的重要因素。本文从企业生产角度出发,使用中国投资环境调查数据和一步法异质性随机前沿模型,从微观企业层面研究了非生产性活动对企业生产技术效率的影响。实证结果表明,由于生产技术无效率,样本企业产出平均减少了40%左右。技术效率影响因素的边际效应分析显示,非生产性活动提高生产技术效率水平,帮助企业实现更高的产出;同时,非生产性活动减少生产不确定性,使得企业生产经营过程更加稳定,有效降低了制度风险的负面影响。本文研究结论对理解企业活动配置及非生产活动的生产效应提供了重要的微观证据,同时为充分发挥中国特色社会主义制度优势、进一步优化营商环境提供了重要启示。

The allocation of various activities is essential to high-quality economic development.Based on Investment Climate Surveys data,we employ the one-step heterogeneous stochastic frontier model and find that,on average,the firm output decreases by about 40%due to technical inefficiency.In addition,the marginal effects of the factors influencing technical efficiency show that unproductive activities can increase technical efficiency and thus expand output.Also,they reduce production uncertainty and make production more stable,effectively lowering the adverse impact of institutional risks.This paper provides firm-level evidence for understanding the role of the allocation of various activities and the productivity effect of unproductive activities.Furthermore,our findings have important practical implications for China to give full play to the advantages of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and further optimize the business environment.