规范和引导资本健康发展的政治经济学分析

Analysis of Political Economics That Regulates and Guides the Healthy Development of Capital

党的二十大报告强调,依法规范和引导资本健康发展。资本有逐利的本性,也有动员资源和发展生产力的功能。马克思指出,资本不是一种物,而是一种以物为媒介的人与人之间的社会关系。在这一关系下,资本受到追求剩余价值规律的支配,最终导向资本主义积累的一般规律。资本的逐利本性包含了促进生产力进步的机制,也形成了因两极分化而引发的深刻矛盾。社会主义建立的一个出发点是通过消灭资本来解决资本主义积累一般规律包含的深刻矛盾。但是,社会主义建立的特殊性又要求在规范资本本性的基础上发挥资本促进生产力发展的功能。为此,在马克思主义政治经济学的中国发展历程中,中国共产党不仅认识到资本在中国特色社会主义建设过程中具有重要功能,而且探索了在社会主义市场经济体制下规范资本的制度。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,资本依然是经济发展中的一个重要力量,需要规范和引导好其发展、发挥好其功能,实现规范资本行为和升级资本功能的目标,为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供一定的动力。

The report of the 2Oth CPC National Congress emphasizes that the healthy development of capital should be regulated and guided according to law.Capital has the nature of pursuing profits,and also has the function of mobilizing resources and developing productive forces.Marx pointed out that capital is not a thing,but a social relationship between people using things as the media.Under this relationship,capital is governed by the law of pursuit of surplus value,which ultimately leads to the general law of capitalist accumulation.The profit-seeking nature of capital contains a mechanism promoting the progress of productive forces,and also forms a profound contradiction caused by polarization.One of the starting points for the establishment of socialism was to resolve the profound contradictions contained in the general law of capitalist accumulation by eliminating capital.However,the particularity of the establishment of socialism required that the function of capital in promoting the development of productive forces should be brought into play on the basis of regulating the nature of capital To this end,in the course of China's development of Marxist political economics,the Communist Party of China has not only recognized the important function of capital in the process of building socialism with Chinese characteristics,but also explored the system of regulating capital under the socialist market economic system.Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.Capital is still an important force in economic development,and it is necessary to regulate and guide its development and give full play to its functions to achieve the goal of regulating capital behaviors and upgrading capital functions,so as to provide certain impetus for building a modern socialist country in all aspects.