结拜姐妹:当代凉山彝族妇女组织的建构及社会意义

Sworn Sisters:The Construction and Social Significance of Contemporary Liangshan Yi Women's Organizations

当代凉山彝族社会面临着一系列的转型困境,流动和打工成为主流,导致地方传统家支秩序的松散和家庭生活的离散,以及造成一部分女性在乡土社会因背负“污名”而成为无法被承认的群体。由此,传统上被认为依附于男性的彝族妇女开始有了结群意识,试图通过结拜姐妹来获得在乡土社会可以依靠的女性力量。如果说传统中国的妇女结拜行为大都是边缘群体的生存手段,那么当下凉山彝族妇女的结拜则是在工业化、城市化和市场化进程中,当地人为了应对乡土社会危机而作出的日常策略。这一结拜行为,既是彝族妇女结群意识的觉醒,也是她们通过构建女性自组织来适应整体社会秩序的有效路径。

Contemporary Liangshan Yi society is facing a series of transformation dilemmas,mobility and part-time work have become the mainstream,resulting in the loosening of the local traditional family branch order and the separation of family life,and causing some women to become an unrecognizable group due to stigma in the local society.In this context,Yi women,traditionally considered dependent on men,began to develop a sense of community,trying to gain the female power that they could rely on in local society by Sworn sisters.If the traditional Chinese Sworn sisters behavior is mostly a livelihood for marginalized groups,then the current Liangshan Yi Sworn sisters is a necessary life strategy made by local people in the process of industrialization,urbanization and marketization,in order to cope with the crisis of local society.Sworn sisters is not only the awakening of Yi women's group consciousness,but also an effective way for them to adapt to the overall social order by building self-organization.