韵式·修辞·结构:彝族古歌口头程式研究

Rhyme,Rhetoric,Structure:A Study on the Oral Formula of the Ancient Songs of the Yi People

彝族古歌是彝族人民用彝语传唱、内容古老、符合彝族诗歌格律且嵌合于生产生活祭祀娱乐活动中的彝族诗歌。彝族古歌至今仍“活态”传承于彝族民众生活中,为地域文化持有人提供了重要的人文精神养分,为铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了重要的精神支撑。论文从彝族古歌的歌词韵式、行文特色、结构特点探讨彝族古歌的诗学意义,认为彝族古歌有着自身的格律和创作规律,句首韵、句间顶韵、句内韵、句尾韵和赋、比、兴等修辞手法的交替使用,五言三段式等较为固定的结构,使古歌唱诵起来朗朗上口。优美的韵律,婉转动人的曲调,提升了古歌的感染魅力,为彝族诗学体系的建立奠定了基础。

The ancient songs of the Yi people are the Yi poems sung by the Yi people in the Yi language,with ancient content,conforming to the rhythm of the Yi people poetry,and embedded in the production,life,sacrificial and entertainment activities.The ancient songs of the Yi people are still"alive"passed down in the lives of the Yi people,providing important humanistic and spiritual nutrients for the holders of regional culture,and providing important spiritual support for building the consciousness of the Chinese nation's community.This paper discusses the poetic significance of the ancient songs of the Yi people from the lyrics and the characteristics of writing and the structure.It believes that the ancient songs of the Yi people have their own rhythm and creation rules.The alternate use of alliteration,alliteration between sentences,intrasentence rhyme,end rhyme and rhetorical devices such as Fu,Bi,Xing,etc.,as well as the relatively fixed structure such as five words and three paragraphs,etc.,make the ancient singing resounding and catchy.The beautiful rhythm and moving tunes enhance the infectious charm of the ancient songs of the Yi people and lay the foundation for the establishment of the Yi poetics system.