桂林两江平话的被动标记“着”的历史来源及其语法化特征

The Historical Origin and Grammaticalization of the Passive Sign"着"in Guilin Liangjiang Pinghua

桂林两江平话中存在一类“着”字被动句,其基本结构为“NP1+着+NP2+VP”。在感情色彩方面,常表示消极意义。在两江平话中,被动标记“着”发生语法化的环境为“着+NP+VP”,其语法化过程经历了“遭受”义动词>次动词>被动介词。“着”的产生或不晚于唐五代时期,两江平话中的被动标记“着”可能是对唐代“着”字被动句的遗存。

There is a kind of passive sentence with the word"zhe"in Guilin Liangjiang Pinghua.Its basic structure is"NP,+zhe+NP,+Vp".In terms of emotional color,it often expresses negative meaning.In Liangjiang Pinghua,the grammaticalization structure of the passive marker"zhe"is"zhe+NP+Vp",the grammaticalization process is"suffer"semantic verb>secondary verb>passive preposition,and the grammaticalization mechanism is reanalysis.The generation of""zhe"maybe not late than the Tang and Five Dynasties.The passive marker"zhe"in Liangjiang Pinghua should be the remains of the passive sentence with the word"zhe"in the Tang Dynasty.