综掘工作面热环境作业人体热耐受特征研究

Study on the characteristics of human thermal tolerance in thermal environment of fully mechanized mining face

矿井热害影响作业人员的工作效率,严重威胁作业人员生命财产健康。通过实验测量环境参数与人体生理参数,拟合单因素模型分析环境参数对人体耐受度的影响,并对综掘工作面热环境临界状态进行限值分析,探讨处于临界舒适/热状态下不同环境参数下的人体工效允许暴露时间、耐受时间和生理等效温度。研究结果表明:人体耐受度的环境影响因素按照影响程度由大到小排序为温度>湿度>风速。温度作为决策变量对耐受度起直接作用;湿度主要是通过对温度、风速产生影响从而间接对耐受度产生影响;风速为抑制变量,通过温度间接影响耐受度。环境的相对湿度大于50%时,临界舒适状态下所能达到的生理等效温度不超过28℃,临界热指数状态下不超过36℃;当湿度大于55%,工效允许下降30%时,工效允许暴露时间不超过8 h;当湿度大于75%时,临界热指数状态下耐受时间不超过10 h。研究结果可为综掘工作面作业的工时安排及环境要求提供参考。

Mine heat damage affects the efficiency of workers and threatens the life and health of workers.The environmental parameters and human physiological parameters are measured by experiments,and the influence of environmental parameters on human tolerance is analyzed by fitting single factor model.The limit analysis of the critical state of thermal environment in fully mechanized excavation face is carried out to study the allowable exposure time,tolerance time and physiological equivalent temperature of human body under different environmental parameters in critical comfort/thermal state.The results show that the order of environmental factors affecting human tolerance is temperature>humidity>wind speed.Temperature is a decision variable which has a direct effect on tolerance.Wind speed is an inhibitory variable,which indirectly affects tolerance through temperature.Humidity mainly affects tolerance indirectly by affecting temperature and wind speed.When the relative humidity of the environment is greater than 50%,the physiological equivalent temperature that can be achieved in the critical comfort state does not exceed 28℃,and the critical heat index state does not exceed 36℃.When humidity is greater than 55%,the allowable reduction of 30%,the allowable exposure time is not more than 8 h.When humidity is greater than 75%,the critical heat index state tolerance time does not exceed 10 h.The research results can provide reference for working hours arrangement and environmental requirements of fully mechanized excavation face.