刑事侦查中人工智能的应用:实践样态、风险挑战与发展策略

Application of artificial intelligence in criminal investigation:Practice patterns,risk challenges and development strategies

概述了刑事侦查中人工智能应用常见的实践样态,表明基于人工智能的视频侦查、个体识别、数据检索、情报挖掘、辅助审讯、证据评估等,为侦查机关带来多维锁定、情指一体、全链支撑的模式变革;分析了刑事侦查中人工智能应用所伴随的黑箱效应、精准偏差、算法僭越、全景敞视、侦查密室等一系列风险挑战;提出要锚定以人为本与人机共融的基本立场、推动数据驱动和知识指引的融合、增强刑事侦查中人工智能应用的伦理适配、优化刑事侦查中人工智能应用的法律体系等建议。

This paper summarizes the common practice patterns of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation,mainly including video investigation,individual identification,data retrieval,information mining,auxiliary interrogation,evidence evaluation,etc.,which brings multi-dimensional lock,situation and finger integration,and full chain support to the investigation department.Then this paper analyzes a series of risks and challenges accompanied by the application of artificial intelligence in criminal investigation,such as black box effect,precision deviation,algorithm overstep,open panorama,investigation secret room and so on.Some suggestions are put forward,such as anchoring the basic stance of human-oriented and human-computer integration,promoting the integration of data-driven and knowledge-guided methods,enhancing the ethical adaptation of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation,and optimizing the legal system of artificial intelligence application in criminal investigation.