负责任创新的技术治理何以可能--基于欧盟、美国、中国纳米技术治理的案例分析

Logic and features:How to make responsible innovation technology governance possible--Case studies on nanotechnology governance in EU,US and China

有效治理是减少技术负面效应的重要途径,国际组织及各国从负责任创新视角探寻技术治理策略与实践路径取得一定成效,但技术治理背后的内在逻辑和特征未被明晰表达。采用探索式案例分析法,以纳米技术治理问题为例对欧盟、美国、中国已有研究成果进行分析,梳理现行负责任创新技术治理的理论框架和策略工具,比较分析欧盟、美国、中国的治理逻辑差异与共性特征。研究发现,国家政府在新兴技术治理体系中处于主导地位,国家需求是治理目标与治理策略的主要驱动力量,“平衡”各方利益相关者关系是新兴技术治理的主要手段,协同共治是新兴技术治理的行动导向。在此过程中,政府在新兴技术治理网络结构中处于核心位置,治理结构从“垂直”型向“网络”型转变,新兴技术治理理念从适应性治理策略向前瞻性治理策略演变。

The emerging technology management system is an important way to reduce negative effects of the technology.Many countries have made achievements in the research of technology governance strategy and practice in terms of of responsible innovation.However,the underlying logic behind technical governance remains unclear.This paper uses case analysis method to study the nanotechnology governance strategies and practice pathways in the United States,European Union and China.The results show that government plays a leading role in the emerging technology governance.National demand is the main driving force of governance objectives and strategies."Balancing"the relationship between stakeholders is the main tool of governance in emerging technologies.Collaborative governance is the action orientation of emerging technology governance.The government is in the center of the emerging technology governance network structure.The governance structure evolves from"vertical"to"network"and the governance concept turns from adaptive governance to forward-looking governance.